Performance of Banking Industry After Privatization in Pakistan: A Case Study of Mcb Bank Limited

This research work aims to investigate the impact of privatization on the performing efficiency of MCB Bank Limited Privatization and the phenomenon of denationalization after the failure of socialism and communism globally. As the direction of enteritis was predetermined by state which in long term affected the performance of state-owned entities on many fronts even they reached at the verge of collapse and state was compelled to inject capital for their survival. Ultimately the state took drastic steps and initiated the process of denationalization and privatization to keep the industry intact in the changed scenario. In 1974, during Z.A. Bhutto regime Pakistan’s banking industry was nationalized with prime objective to address the issues of backward segments of economy but unfortunately after privatization industry was used for political motives and witnessed poor performance and financial indiscipline due to frequent interference in the affairs of banks particularly in lending activities and hiring of inefficient human resources. Resultantly banks failed to deliver as per expectation of masses and could not deliver quality customer services on one hand and accumulation of infected portfolio on the other which in turn swallowed the profitability and the capital of banks. It is revealed that bank has tremendously performed in all Key Performing Indicators, it has improved its profitability manifold, deposit base is significantly enhanced and became more liquid and solvent.

Evaluating Wheat Performance by Silicon Application under Late Sown Conditions

Studies to evaluate the wheat performance by silicon (Si) application under late sown conditions were carried out at Agronomic Research Area University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 2010-11 and 2011-12. The study consisted of total four experiments. Prior to field experiments, two pot experiments were carried out in green house at Agronomic Research Area to optimize the best source and rate of Si both as soil and foliar application. Best Si source was determined from using sodium silicate, calcium silicate, and silicic acid, whereas Si level was optimized using four concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/L) both as soil and foliar application. Both the experiments were carried out in green house using completely randomized design with three replications. Results revealed that Si from source Ca-silicate at the rate of 100 mg kg -1 as soil applied and 100 mgL-1 as foliar spray gave maximum improvement in crop growth. After the optimization of Si source and level from green house experiments, two field experiments were conducted at using the Randomized Complete Block Design with split-split arrangements. Three sowing dates (10th Nov, 10th Dec, 10th Jan) were placed in main plots, while wheat varieties (Sehar-2006 and Faisalabad -2008) and optimized dose of Si at different growth stages (control, basal, tillering, booting and heading) were placed in sub-plots and sub- sub plot, respectively. In first field experiment Si was applied as soil application but in second experiment it was applied as foliar spray at various growth stages. Data regarding the crop phenology, allometry, agronomic and biochemical traits were recorded using the standard procedures. The data so collected were analyzed statistically by using the Fischer’s analysis of variance technique and LSD at 5% probability was used to compare the difference among the treatments’ means. Results indicate that maximum days to maturity, growth attributes, yield and yield components and biochemical parameters were observed when Si at the rate of 100 mg kg -1 as soil or 100 mg L-1 as foliar was applied at the heading stage of wheat. Moreover, soil application of Si performed comparatively better than foliar spray.