تسکینؔ قریشی
تسکین قریشی غزل گو شعراء میں نہایت ممتاز اور تغزل میں جگر کے صحیح جانشین تھے، وہ ملازم پیشہ تھے، اس لیے پیشہ ور شعراء کی کمزوریوں سے ان کا دامن پاک تھا، اور اپنی اخلاقی بلندی کے اعتبار سے شعراء کی آبرو تھے، طبعاً خاموش، عزلت پسند اور شہرت طلبی سے دور تھے، مشاعروں میں بھی بہت کم شریک ہوتے تھے، اور اخبارات و رسالوں میں بھی اپنا کلام اشاعت کے لیے کم بھیجتے تھے، اس لیے ایک عرصے تک ان کو وہ شہرت حاصل نہ ہوسکی جس کے وہ مستحق تھے، لیکن آخر میں ان کے کلام کی نکہت صاحب ذوق طبقہ میں پوری طرح پھیل گئی تھی، راقم کو ان کے کلام کا اندازہ ان کے دوسرے مجموعۂ کلام ’’گلگونہ‘‘ کی اشاعت کے بعد ہوا، ان کی شاعری خیالات کی لطافت و پاکیزگی اور زبان کی نفاست و سلاست کا نمونہ ہے، نعتیں بھی بڑی پرکیف کہتے تھے، ان سے ملاقات کی نوبت کبھی نہیں آئی، مگر کبھی کبھی وہ اپنا کلام معارف میں اشاعت کے لیے بھیجتے تھے، اس سلسلہ میں ان سے خط و کتابت رہتی تھی، اور ان سے ایسے تعلقات ہوگئے تھے کہ انہوں نے اپنے آخری مجموعۂ کلام سرمایہ تسکین کا مقدمہ راقم سے باصرار لکھوایا، وہ راسخ العقیدہ اور پابند مذہب مرد مومن تھے، ان کی موت سے ایک نامور اور شائستہ غزل گو شاعر اٹھ گیا، اﷲ تعالیٰ اس صاحبِ دل شاعر کی مغفرت فرمائے۔
(شاہ معین الدین ندوی،اگست ۱۹۷۱ء)
Former Egyptian Muḥaddithīn of the each centuries have played a well-regarded, venerated and esteemed role in services of Ḥadīth and its sciences. Their outstanding contribution in this regard has been appreciated in each century of Islamic history. Those Muḥaddithīn have left valuable work on Ḥadīth and its sciences in their popular and basic sources of Ḥadīth for coming generations. Muḥaddithīn of 20th century were not less than the former in their involvement in the field of Hadith. Their dynamic and marvelous efforts are needed to be unveiled for scholars and students of Ḥadīth. Al-shaykh Abdur Raḥmān al Banna Al sāʻātī is known as one of the prominent Egyptian Muḥaddithīn in 20th century. He made extraordinary efforts in the field of Ḥadīth and its sciences through compiling and writing various remarkable books in this regard. His marvelous work in Alfatḥ Al-Rabbānī li Tartīb Musnad Al-Imām Aḥmad bin Hanbal Al-Shaybānī on Musnad Imām Aḥmad bin Hanbal in its rearranging, categorizing and organizing its Ḥadīth is deserved to be cherished and focused on due to its significance and importance in the field of Ḥadīth. He is the first Muḥaddith who presented the Aḥādīth of Musnad in seven outstanding chapters to facilitate the researchers in their accessing to the main theme of the Musnad. In this paper the life sketch of Al-Shayk Abdur Raḥmān, his scholarly contribution in the field of Ḥadīth and his methodology in his renowned book alfatḥ al-Rabbānī has been discussed and highlighted its valuable aspects.
The role and potential of Non Wood Forest Products (NWFPs) to contribute towards livelihoods of the poor and its capacity to rehabilitate problem hit communities, has been explored. Present research was designed to monitor the “Status, Potential and Contribution of various NWFPs in the Earthquake Prone Northern Belt of Pakistan”. The research findings provide an insight to quantify NWFPs, role in uplift of the socio-economic conditions of districts Mazzafarabad (MA) and Bagh (B). The study also focused on marketing potential of NWFPs in livelihood improvement of the community. The methodology included using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. At the outset, quadrat and transect methods were applied to estimate inventory of NWFPs determining frequency, cover and density of important NWFPs. A well designed questionnaire was used as an instrument to quantify the contribution of NWFPs in economic status of the 200 respondents sampled from the study sites (100 from each district). The results of the study and projected modeling pertaining to socio-economic variables suggested that age, education, land holdings and income predicted significant involvement in collection, processing and storage of NWFPs. Most important NWFPs included, Gucchi (Morchella esculenta), Masloon (Polygonum alplexicaule), Atees Patrees (Aconitum heterophyllum) , Kuth (Saussurea lappa), Banafsha (Viola odorata) having pronounced impact on the livelihood of the forest dwellers. There were 82 % respondents involved in collection, perceived as most important NWFPs being useful for income and health curing. NWFP harvesting, processing and collection designated as family business. Exploitation of important NWFPs was mostly done manually; harvested quantities ranged below 01 kg and mainly utilized for domestic purposes. Most of the NWFP collection was done in August and September based on maturity period of the produce. Season and absence of relevant tools and lack of training led inhabitants harvest up to 1kg of the NWFP for domestic consumption and selling. Collection was mainly done in August and September except mushrooms which mature in March-April. Because of the primitive and manual methods employed there were losses incurred in collection, processing and storage of NWFPs. Marketing of NWFPs was another aspect needed due consideration, poor marketing did not allow real returns to reach respondents because of almost all selling of NWFPs to middlemen who in turn fetch lion’s share by transporting produce to retailer, whole sale dealers and to exporters. NWFPs are important in their contributions towards livelihoods of the respondents in that it increased income attainment, meet health expenses, provide medicine for family, help to repay loans, provide money for child education, used for household consumption, help to get credit and used for extending gifts and other benefits. Income attainment, meeting health expenses and medicinal uses of NWFPs, however, reported as major contributors towards livelihoods of the inhabitants. Deforestation had negative impacts on NWFP collection in that it reduced income, caused problems in regeneration and reforestation activities as well aided in floods prevalence and land sliding problems. The study concluded with emphasis on public private partnership in rendering sustainable harvesting, conservation and value addition of NWFP for greater profits and establishment of cottage industry for employment opportunities for youth and women. A need was felt for mechanism of market information and access of producer to all market chains. The study also made recommendations of extension strategies for popularization of NWFP harvesting technologies and value addition based on people perceptions, beliefs and socio-economic profile. Lastly, conservation efforts were needed to minimize negative effects of deforestation. Keywords: NWFPs; Livelihoods; Deforestation; Employment.