انصاف قوموں کی زندگی کوتوانا رکھتا ہے
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!آج مجھے جس موضوع پر اظہار خیال کرنا ہے وہ ہے:’’ انصاف قوموں کی زندگی کوتوانا رکھتا ہے ‘‘
صدرِذی وقار!
زندگی کی راحتیں، حسرتیں اس وقت اپنے دامن میں سمیٹی جاسکیں گی، جب قلب و ذہن تندرست و توانا ہو، جب دل و دماغ حصولِ راحت ِزیست کے لیے مستعد و تیار ہوں، جب انسان روحانی اور جسمانی طور پر تندرست اور توانا ہو، اور جملہ اعضائے انسانی حیات کے لیے آرزومند اور متمنی ہوں۔
صدرِمحترم!
بیمار اور صاحب ِفراش شخص زندگی کے الطاف کریمانہ سے کما حقہٗ مستفید نہیں ہوسکتا۔ بیمار سوچ اور منفی فکرو غور کا حامل شخص زندگی کی آسائشوں سے کوئی سروکار نہیں رکھتا ، اس کی نشست و برخاست، اس کے قیام وقعود ، اس کے افکار کامحورصرف اور صرف اس کی ذات ہوتی ہے جو داخلی یا خارجی عوامل کے پیشِ نظر عضو معطل ہو چکی ہوتی ہے۔
جنابِ صدر!
افراد، فرد کی جمع ہے اور افرادمل کر قوم بنتے ہیں اسی طرح قوم سے اقوام اور قومیں بنتی ہیں۔ اقوام کی اکائی فرد ہے، اور فرد کی روحانی، جسمانی ،قلبی و ذہنی ساخت میں کوئی سقم یا جھول واقع ہوجائے تو پورا نظام متاثر ہو جاتا ہے، اس کے مقصد ِحیات کی تکمیل میں رکاوٹیں کھڑی ہو جاتی ہیں بالآخر اس کا وجود غیر مفید ہو جاتا ہے۔
جناب صدر!
کائنات کے نظام میں انسان ایک جزو لاینفک ہے، دراصل کائنات نام ہی بنی نوع انسان کا ہے، اس لیے کہ انسان اشرف المخلوقات ہے، اور مخلوقات کا شرف ہی نہ ہو تو گویا و ہ مخلوقات ہی نہیں ہے ،مخلوقات کی زندگیوں کو...
Men and women are the backbone of human civilization and both play their due roles in the society. In the present era, women are found engaged in every walk of life. Their potential was appreciated in the fields of education, research and medical since long but now they have also got prominence in the fields like army, politics, games, culture, economy, engineering and even avionics. Woman of the modern era is now a good mixture of a conscious wife, affectionate and educated mother and an active worker by increasing her importance and status through achievements in all walks of life. The main purpose of the paper was to identify the rights of women at workplace and to highlight the protection given by Islam for the rights of working women. The study was descriptive in nature. Relevant Hadiths and the examples from the lives of Sahaba regarding the justification of women to work and how their rights to be protected, was discussed. The need of the hour is to create a protected environment for women to work with dignity, without the fear of harassment and abuse which will in turn bring higher productivity and better quality of life at work.
The samarium cobalt (SmCo 5 ) magnets provide higher magnetic force density, unlike the Alnico and other previously used magnets. The small sized magnets embedded in the properly designed appliance provide the forces necessary in dental, biomechanical treatments, removable partial dentures and implant prosthodontics. Cast SmCo 5-x Sn x (x=0.01, 0.06, and 0.12) alloys were prepared by arc melting with subsequent thermal homogenization. Microstructural and x-ray diffraction studies revealed that the alloys contain three phases i.e. SmCo 5 , Sm 2 Co 7 and Sm 2 Co 17 . The addition of Sn also caused grain refinement of the alloys. It was found that Sn addition had promoted nucleation of Sm 2 Co 17 , segregation of solute atoms and increase in unit cell volume, consequently, significant augmentation in remanence to maximum magnetization ratios were achieved. The nano-phase structures and magnetic properties of as milled powders were investigated. The Sn additions resulted in development of nanocrystalline structures producing exchange-coupled magnets with better remanence magnetization to maximum magnetization ratios (M r /M max ), typically 0.92 at 9.9 kOe coercivity. In addition, it was observed that the Sn concentrations lead to higher M r /M max ratios and maximum magnetization accompanying lower coercivity. X-ray diffraction revealed formation of 2:17 and 2:7 phases in 1:5 matrix, which were found to be dependent on Sn percentage. It appeared that higher Sn concentrations promoted 2:17 phase and helped in the formation of nano-sized phases. The investigation of sintered bulk SmCo 5-x Sn x alloys elucidated the presence of exchange coupling phenomena. Addition of Sn in the alloys developed nanocrystalline structure that in turn appeared to be responsible for producing exchange coupled magnets. The exchange coupling mechanism was evaluated by switching field distribution (SFD), dc—demagnetization M r (H) and magnetization M(H) curves as function reverse applied field (H r ). Sn additions resulted in increase in maximum magnetization and enhanced exchange coupling phenomena. The energy product (BH max ) of 7.4 MGOe iv(59.2 kJ/m 3 ), remanence magnetization to maximum magnetization ratios (M r /M max ) of 0.97 and remanence coercivity to intrinsic coercivity ratios (H r /H ci ) of 1.75 were achieved for sintered alloy containing 0.01 % Sn. Exchanged coupling and magnetic properties of SmCo 5 alloys containing Sn were investigated in sintered magnets with and without magnetic field annealing. It was found that applying magnetic field along the alignment direction of the samples was favorable for enhancing the reversibility in comparison to annealing without magnetic field. The remanence coercivity to intrinsic coercivity ratio increased from 1.75 to 2.0 with magnetic field annealing. The effect of Sn additions on electrochemical corrosion properties of sintered nanocrystalline SmCo 5-x Sn x alloys in comparison to conventional SmCo 5 binary alloy was investigated with the dc cyclic polarization technique in simulated marine environment. It was observed that Sn additions significantly reduced the corrosion rate up to 84% with only 0.01% Sn and it was further decreased to 90% with 0.12% Sn compared to the binary SmCo 5 alloy. The results showed that the corrosion rate was reduced with decrease in grain size. Scanning electron microscopy revealed pitting mechanism for both the binary and ternary alloys. Improved corrosion resistance of the alloys with Sn alloying is attributed to the interaction of Sn with grain boundary phases altering potential of the electrochemically more active samarium rich phases around the grain boundaries. This work has shown that Sn additions can be beneficial to the magnetic properties and enhanced the corrosion resistance of the alloys.