دہر کی نفرتوں کا ستایا ہوں میں
جستجو ہے مجھے الفت و مہر کی
ایک یوٹوپیائی جہاں ہو جہاں
فاختہ کا نشیمن سلامت رہے
اس کی پرواز پر کوئی پہرہ نہ ہو
ہر سو چاہت کے، احساس کے گل کھلیں
امن کا گیت گائیں جہاں پر سبھی
میری تو منزلِ شوق ہے بس یہی
This article aims to highlight an important aspect of Islamic Law, which relates to social life of a Muslim. Islamic law promotes social harmony and tolerance, but it makes it balance in the light of basic principles and objectives of Shar'īah. Likewise, Islamic law determines social relation between Muslims with each other as well as the relation of Muslims with Non-Muslim citizens in the Islamic state. Furthermore, it is very significant to know that a Muslim can participate in the traditional and religious functions of Non-Muslim or not? Islamic law has made some parameters in this regard, in this research paper we have focused on this specific issue of Islamic law and tried to explain the legal status of this issue in the light of Quran, Prophetic traditions, and opinions of Muslim Scholars. The research method applied in this paper is descriptive and critical study of different school of thoughts is also provided. Muslims have a long history of mutual contacts with the non-Muslims guided by the Shar’īah principles as they have come together in every age in different political and geographical contexts. In the early days of Islam, Muslims were in the minority. At that time, Muslims participated in the social life of their non-Muslims neighbors. Islam respects other religions. Provides all kinds of facilities to non-Muslims. And allows Muslims to participate in their legitimate programs.۔
Authentic Leadership (AL) is an emerging concept in leadership studies. A plethora of research has indicated a positive relationship of AL with Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) of employees in general organizational contexts. Little studies have examined the relationship of AL with OCB in the context of academic settings of Pakistan. This study evaluates the influence of four dimensions of AL on the employees’ work attitude in relation to OCB in the context of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Additionally, the study examined the mediating effect of Organizational Justice (OJ) on the relationship of AL with OCB in the context of HEIs of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan.A sample of nine HEIs was selected for the purpose and data from 279 leaders and 1158 followers were collected through convenience sampling technique. Data concerning the participants profile were also collected through self-developed Biographical Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson r, ANOVA and regression techniques. The findings of this research study revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship of AL with all the five levels of OCB.The study found that all the four dimensions of OJ fully mediated the relationship of AL with OCB. Furthermore, a positive correlation between AL, OCB and OJ were found. The employees’ demographic characteristics showed statistically significant effect on OCB. Moreover, a model comprising different variables was tested using bootstrapping tests. The findings offer implications regarding how AL enhances the followers’ OCB and how the OJ strengthens the relationship of AL with OCB. HEIs should, therefore, judiciously design and implement performance management system with fair outcomes, procedures and treatment of employees. The present study explored a new model encompassing AL, OCB, and OJ wherein AL and OJ acted as predictors of OCB. The model confirmed that AL is the predictor of OCB and OJ fully mediates the relationship of AL with OCB in the context of HEIs in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study recommends that future research should test and assess this model in other contexts.