Professional Standards Training and Understanding Pre-School Teachers’ Knowledge About Professional Standards

Theimprovement of the teacher’s quality, including teachers in general and preschool teachers in particular, hasgained interested in many countries around the world. Currently, most countries in the world have issued a framework of competency or professional standards for teachers as a basis for preschool teachers to self-assess and be assessed for their qualities and competenciet. On that basis, preschool teachers can implement the plan of quality training, strengthen and improve professional expertise. This article, the author conducts research to evaluate the implementation of the professional standards manual of schools and the teacher's understanding of professional standards. This is considered an important factor that will contribute to improving the effectiveness of teacher ratings according to professional standards. In this study, the author uses mainly quantitative research methods (survey, descriptive statistics and inference statistics) to clarify the problems that the research has posed. Research results show that there is a relationship between standard manual training and preschool teachers' understanding of professional standards. Standards instructors have a good understanding of professional standards. Especially the training is organized by the school and the education and training department, so the training classes are small, with a small number of participants and therefore higher quality.

Green Synthesis of Fluorinated Arenes, Benzoxazinones and Benzamides

Green Synthesis of Fluorinated Arenes, Benzoxazinones and Benzamides Three different types of reactions (Suzuki-Miyaura reaction, carbonylation reaction and oxidation reaction) were employed to synthesize an assortment of diverse aromatic and heterocyclic compounds. Fluorinated heterocycles are frequently found in pharmaceuticals, drug candidates, ligands for transition metal catalysts and other molecular functional materials, so efficient methods for the synthesis of these compounds are of significant value. We described a selective strategy for the synthesis of poly-substituted pyridines. The Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of 2,6-dichloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine with one equivalent of aryl boronic acids resulted in site-selective formation of 2-aryl-6-chloro- 3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine. Due to electronic reasons, the reaction takes place at the sterically more hindered position. The reactions proceeded smoothly in the absence of phosphine ligands. A general and convenient methodology for 2-amino benzoxazinones synthesis has been developed. Radially available 2-bromoanilines and isocyanates were used as substrates and diverse products have been prepared in good yields. Notably, Mo(CO)6 as a solid CO source was applied instead of gas. x A general procedure for oxidation of both benzyl alcohols and alkyl alcohols to primary amides under catalyst free conditions has been developed. More than 25 examples of primary amides were produced from their corresponding alcohols in moderate to excellent yields. This is a practical procedure for primary amides synthesis, water and tert-butanol are the only by-products.