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Thesis Info

Author

Shoaib Ameer

Supervisor

Usman Tariq

Department

Department of Electrical Engineering

Program

BSE

Institute

COMSATS University Islamabad

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Electrical Engineering

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676720403711

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تیسرا باب: عہد اسلامی سے عصر حاضر تک

مسلم دور حکومت کے یہودی

باب سوم کے اہم نکات

  1. عہد نبویؐ کے یہودی مسلم تعلقات۔
  2. عہد عمر میں یروشلم کی حالت۔
  3. عہد عباسی میں یہودیوں کی حالت۔
  4. یہودیت کا عہد زریں۔
  5. موحدون کا یہودیوں پر جبر۔
  6. فاطمی دور کے حالات۔
  7. عثمانی دور میں یہودیوں کی خوشحالی۔
  8. یورپی یہودیوں کی بے کسی۔
  9. سامی مخالفت اور نازی جرمنی۔
  10. قیام اسرائیل کے صیہونی اقدام۔
  11.  عرب اسرائیل کشیدگی۔
          عرب کے ریگستانوں میں جہاں کبھی ابراہیمؑ کے بڑے بیٹے اسماعیلؑ کی قوم جا بسی تھی وہیں 570 عیسوی میں محمد ﷺ کی پیدائش ہوئی۔ ان کے پیروکار انہیں آخری نبی مانتے ہیں اور ان کی لائی ہوئی کتاب، قرآن مجید کو الہامی سمجھتے ہیں۔ مسیحؑ کی طرح ان کی شخصیت بھی بہت اہمیت کی حامل ہے تاہم یہودیت کی اس مختصر تاریخ میں آپؐ سے متعلق انہیں واقعات کو فوقیت دی گئی ہے جو مجموعی طور پر یہودی قوم سے متعلق ہیں۔ یہودیت اور مسیحیت ہی کی طرح آپ ﷺ کے لائے ہوئے مذہب یعنی اسلام نے بھی ایک خدا کی عبادت پر زور دیتے ہوئے شرک سے منع کیا۔ چونکہ یہ مذہب خود کو ملت ابرہیمی سے جوڑتے ہوئے ابراہیمؑ کو مسلمان گردانتا ہے، چنانچہ اس کے لیے یہودی و مسیحی بھی محترم تھے۔ قرآن مجید نے ان کے لیے "اہلِ کتاب" کی اصطلاح تجویز کی۔ مسلمانوں کے تحت یہود کے ایک بڑے طبقے نے مختلف علاقوں میں مجموعی طور پر 638 عیسوی سے لے کر تقریباً 1922عیسوی تک کا عرصہ گزارا۔

عہد نبویؐ

          آپ ﷺ کی پیدائش مکہ میں ہوئی جہاں سے وہ اپنے ہم قوموں کے مظالم کی وجہ سے ہجرت کر کے یثرب آ بسے جو بعد میں...

میاں بیوی میں سے ایک کا قبول اسلام

In the early days of Islam, either of the married couple entering into Islam does not affect their marriage contract and it continued to be valid even after the Emigration of the Holy Prophet (peace and mercy be upon him) to Madina. In fact, it has been observed until Hudhabiya Truce was signed. It was also included the terms if someone from Quraish without accompanying the wali approaches the Holy Prophet (Peaceand Mercy be upon him), he/she will be returned to Makkah. After this agreement, many women came to Madina and embraced Islam. But their spouses and relatives followed them their way to Madina. They claimed them back to Makkah. In this respect, Allah almighty revealed a verse of Surah Mumtahina, which is an express evidence that such believing women must not be returned to their former infidel husbands. They were commanded so to marry believing husbands after their separation from their disbelieving spouses. Through this verse, Muslim husbands were forbidden to stay and have conjugal relations with their nonbelieving wives, too. Similarly,  every believing wife was forbidden to reside with her disbelieving husband. The companions abided by the ruling in its entirety and separated from their non- believing spouses. Jurists have derived many instructions from the verse 10 of Surah Mumtahina, which are discussed in this paper.

Employee Silence Mediating Role in Organizational Factors and Organizational Commitment: Empirical Evidence from Banking Sector in Khyber Pukhtunkhaw

Organizational factors such as lack of leader openness to voice, lack of open communication opportunity and defensive norms of organizational culture, may lead to the employees’ cognitive decision to intentionally engage in silence behavior. This ultimately results in low levels of organizational commitment. Yet, less consideration has been given to empirically explore these mechanisms while providing theoretical underpinnings. Hence, this study applied the theoretical lens of expectancy theory to understand how these organizational factors influence employee’s conscious decision to intentionally engage in silence behavior, which in turn impacts organizational commitment, in the new empirical context of banking sector of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Moreover, this study used mixed method, sequential explanatory design in which first quantitative part of the study aimed at investigating the mediating role of employee silence between organizational factors and organizational commitment, whereas second qualitative part aimed at explaining the reasons behind the significant and insignificant findings of the study and to re-conceptualize expectancy theory based employee silence model. During the first quantitative phase, probability sampling (two step stratified random sampling) was used to get sample of 1243 bankers in 258 branches of 8 commercial banks from 12 districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The Questionnaire was used for data collection and reliability / validity of the instruments were established through Cronbach alpha and confirmatory factor analysis respectively. The regression analysis, Sobel’s test and structural equation modeling were used for mediation analyses. Furthermore, in the qualitative phase, semi structured interview was conducted while incorporating thematic coding and causal networking techniques. The results revealed that all the hypotheses regarding the direct relation between organizational factors, employee silence and organizational commitment were accepted, except one hypothesis. Moreover, the hypothesized mediated models regarding the intervening role of employee silence between organizational factors and organizational commitment were partially supported, thus extending theory to new empirical context. Additionally, the second qualitative phase provides immense theoretical contribution, by providing explanation for significant and insignificant findings of the study, and presents expectancy theory based employee silence models for the banking sector of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Thus, through triangulation of data, the findings of this study add to the existing body of knowledge and provides valuable insights for bank management, policy makers and HR managers in identifying the areas that needs their attention. Thus, all these factors make this research work significant and, also timely. The limitations, future research avenues, and implications are also discussed.