مولانا سید محمد ہاشم ندوی
ہمارے لیے تیسرا حادثہ مولانا سید محمد ہاشم ندوی کی وفات کا ہے، وہ ندوہ کے لائق فرزند تھے، جس سال راقم ندوہ میں داخل ہوا ہے ، اسی سال وہ فارغ ہوئے تھے اور حضرت سید صاحب کی سفارش سے اسی زمانہ میں دائرۃ المعارف حیدرآباد میں ملازم ہوگئے تھے، جس سے ریٹائر ہونے تک وابستہ رہے، وہ اس کے اہم رکن تھے، بہت سے کتابیں ان کے اہتمام میں شائع ہوئیں، بعض کی انہوں نے تصحیح بھی کی اور بعض پر مقدمے لکھے، انہوں نے ایک مفید علمی خدمت یہ انجام دی کہ دنیا کے مختلف کتب خانوں میں عربی کی جو اہم اور نادر و نایاب کتابیں ہیں ان کی فن وار فہرست ’’تذکرۃ النوادر‘‘ کے نام سے مرتب کی جو دائرۃ المعارف سے شائع ہوگئی ہے، ملازمت سے سبکدوش ہونے کے بعد حیدرآباد ہی میں متوطن ہوگئے تھے، ان کی صحت عرصہ سے خراب تھی، گذشتہ مہینہ حیدرآباد کے ایک خط سے معلوم ہوا کہ ان کا انتقال ہوگیا، ستر سے کچھ اوپر عمر رہی ہوگی۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ اس خادم علم کی اپنی رحمت و مغفرت سے سرفراز فرمائے۔
(شاہ معین الدین ندوی، جولائی ۱۹۷۱ء)
The word (Adab) , contrary to its present equitant in English language (literature) , has an interesting background and exciting history. This word went through many developments in its meaning and senses throughout the history of Arabic literature. Linguistics took keen interest in each and every change and development came into its meaning. They thoroughly studied this word, and tried to link between its early root meaning (giving a banquet or feast) , and its present meaning (literature) . Linguistics7 this attempt resulted in out break of differences among them regarding the word (Adab) . This article deals with this issue.
Chemical protective clothing helps to act as a buffer for wearers from physical, chemical or biological risks that may be encountered while at work in an industrial setup. The present study was aimed at minimizing these dangers and risks. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase was based on the evaluation of mechanical and resistance characteristics of locally manufactured protective coveralls. Performance was measured at various washing intervals. This phase was designed to make an assessment of the protective coveralls currently in use in chemical industries of Pakistan. It was observed, Cotton and Polyester were dominant raw materials used for manufacturing of collected samples. All samples failed to pass safety standards. Various factors impacted their performance. Among them, low quality of fabric and lamination were most important factors. In the second phase of the study, three different types of clothing materials were manufactured by using various construction parameters. Based on literature review and results of phase one, Aramid and multilayered Cotton-Polyester blends were used for manufacturing. These clothing materials were also evaluated for their mechanical and resistance characteristics at various washing intervals using the test procedures of phase one and under similar conditions and environment. All three experimental materials outperformed all the existing samples tested in phase one. Aramid performed better among the three experimental materials. Finally a comprehensive comparison based on the collected data for each characteristic of existing and newly manufactured clothing materials was carried out. Statistical analysis highlighted the difference within and between new and existing clothing materials. The results indicated that the existing clothing materials showed poor results for each characteristic and significantly deteriorated after successive washing. Whereas experimental clothing materials manufactured in the second phase showed excellent results and were less by number of washes. According to the overall conclusion drawn from the current research existing materials are not suitable for the workers of chemical industries. They should rather adopt any of the experimental materials based on their requirements and needs.