مولوی محمد یحییٰ تنہاؔ
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ رمضان میں مولوی محمد یحییٰ تنہا مرحوم نے کراچی میں انتقال کیا، مرحوم اردو زبان کے مشہور اہل قلم، اس کے پرانے خدمت گزار اور متعدد کتابوں کے مصنف و مترجم تھے، ان کی سب سے مشہور و مفید کتاب سیر المصنفین اور مراۃ الشعراء ہے، دونوں دو جلدوں میں ہیں، سیرالمصنفین میں شروع سے لے کر موجودہ دور تک کے مصنفین کے حالات اور ان کی تصانیف پر تبصرہ ہے، اس میں اردو کی پوری تاریخ آگئی ہے، مراۃ الشعراء اردو کے شعراء کا تذکرہ ہے، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔
(شاہ معین الدین ندوی، فروری ۱۹۶۷ء)
Citrus paradisi (Grapefruit) peel oil has medicinal properties which shows beneficial effects against plant pathogenic fungi Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate the antifungal potential of Citrus paradisi peel oil against different plant pathogenic fungal strainsMethods: The essential oil of Grapefruit peel was provided in different concentrations 0.25 to 0.75ml per 100 ml of media to 3 different plant pathogenic fungal strains i.e, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Dreschlera tetramera and its effect on the growth of fungi was recorded Results: The studies provided the results compared with the controlled media, which showed the fungal growth was almost completely inhibited at 0.75ml concentration of oil, even the lower concentration was sufficient to retard the growth Conclusions: The study provided the blue print for fungicidal spray to cure serious diseases in plants, such as, rice blast, papaya fruit rot, seedling collar rot and wilt diseases.
A Critical Study of the Phonology of a Sub- Variety of Pakistani English under the Influence of Pashto In Pakistan there are several languages which are spoken in different regions as mother tongues. There are four major regional languages i.e. Balochi, Pashto, Punjabi and Sindhi.'In addition to these, Urdu is used as a lingua franca and the national language of the country. Language change is an established phenomenon; it changes horizontally (regionally) as well as vertically (socially) and naturally the same goes for the English language too which is used as a second language in our country. Since Ll influence is a reality, each regional language of the country influences the English language in its own right when it is used by Pakistanis from different regions. In this way, there emerge different varieties of the English language in Pakistan which need to be identified, explored and studied in detail to highlight similarities and differences in them. It will help in getting Pakistani English recognized the world over as a distinct variety and it will project our beautiful indigenous linguistic treasure too. It will help in identifying those difficulties which the speakers of different regional languages face when they learn English. The present study is an effort in this connection with regard to the Pashto language. The phonology of English spoken by Pakistani Pashto speaking people of the country is the focal point of this work. To be able to do it first the participants' loud reading in English was recorded and transcribed to mark all the deviations manifested in their pronunciation. Finally those deviations were judged against the British Standard English (RP) applying Contrastive Analysis (CA). It was done so because in Pakistan we do not have one variety of English accepted and recognized by all. The possible reasons of the deviations found, have also been shown up to facilitate Pashto speaking learners of English. At the end different suggestions and recommendations have been given to address those problems which are within our capacity.