ANALISIS MANAJEMEN LABORATORIUM IPA TERHADAP KOMPETENSI PESERTA DIDIK

Natural Sciences learning laboratory activities are an integral part of teaching and learning activities, This shows how important the role of laboratory activities to achieve the goals of science education. Through laboratory activities, students will be given the opportunity to encourage curiosity and the desire to try, test and reason the theories obtained. The purpose of this study was to analyze the management of a science laboratory in SMP Negeri 4 Sojol. The research method uses qualitative methods and descriptive analysis. The research subjects were the head of the laboratory and the science subject teacher and the students at SMP Negeri 4 Sojol. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and student learning outcomes.  Based on the results of the study, the availability of natural science practicum tools in SMP Negeri 4 Sojol, the average availability of practical tools and materials 68.33% classified as complete categories, the average presentation of the feasibility of practical tools and materials 90.67% included in the excellent category based on the Ministry of Education number 24 of 2007. The effectiveness of practicum implementation in SMP Negeri 4 Sojol is classified as effective category with an average presentation of practicum at 85%. Coupled with an average increase in cognitive competencies average preetest 58 increase in posttest by as much as 87 in addition to the average value of competence in the areas of psychomotor average preetest obtained 60 and posttest 90 showed a significant increase competency knowledge and skills of learners. Success in the cognitive domain will also have a positive impact on the development of the psychomotor domain (skills) of students. Management of laboratory facilities and infrastructure planning in improving the quality of learning in schools must be planned by the head of the laboratory, planning science teachers by preparing learning tools and identifying the subject matter to be practiced in the laboratory, laboratory administration governance supported by good organization from the leadership of policy makers in school. Implementation of laboratory facilities and infrastructure management in improving the quality of learning in schools including procurement, inventory, storage, structuring, use, and maintenance. Supervision carried out by the principal is in accordance with the provisions, to be more efficient the school should make a program or schedule of supervision processes to be more controlled and run well and smoothly.

Study of Tectonic Evolution of Structures and Their Hydrocarbon Potential Using Seismic Data, Southern Sindh Monocline, Pakistan

Structural styles evolved in various tectonic settings are extremely important and most prolific for the accumulation of hydrocarbons. Variety of structures, structural styles and hydrocarbon structural traps are broadly associated with the unified mechanism of their formation in different plate tectonic settings. World’s major hydrocarbon fields and major portion of hydrocarbon potential is located in extensional basins. The area selected for the study is also characterized by extensional structures and because of that many hydrocarbon fields have already been discovered from Southern Sindh Monocline. As Sindh Monocline is producing 30% of country’s oil and 12% of country’s gas production is from Sindh Monocline. There are number of structures and structural styles found in extensional basins of the world but Some structures hold better prospects than others and the identification of these structures using seismic data is a big challenge as well. On the basis of overall results the conclusions of the study can be made as: Study area is largely characterized by normal faults. Basic structures of study area has been classified into nine types as Large normal faults Small normal faults, Spoon shape normal faults, Master normal faults, Rider normal faults, Folding, Flexure, Vertical faults and Listric shovel. Structural styles have been classified into six types as Horst and grabens, Dominos, Crotch, Synthetic and antithetic faults, Negative and Flashlight structural styles. New type of structural style i.e. “Flashlight structural style”, is reported first time from extensional basin during current study. The structures with in the study area revealed evidence for three major structural episodes first one associated with the rifting during Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, modification and reactivation of earlier structures during the Middle Cretaceous and inversion and reactivation during Early Eocene. Present day trap was also formed in third episode. Large normal faults have more chance of success as compared with other structural styles. The migration of hydrocarbons from source rock (Sembar Fm) to reservoir rock (Lower Goru Sands) probably have been greatly facilitated by faults and juxtaposed lithology.