96. Al-’Alaq/The Blood Clot
I/We start by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
96:01
a. O The Prophet!
b. Recite!
c. By the Blessed Name of your Rabb - The Lord,
d. WHO creates every existence, especially -
96:02
a. - creates the human being out of a clinging blood clot.
96:03
a. Recite!!
b. For your Rabb - The Lord is the Most Bountiful,
96:04
a. WHO teaches human beings by means of the Pen, and
96:05
a. teaches human being what he does not know.
96:06
a. Not indeed!
b. And yet despite these blessings and favors human being is truly rebellious.
96:07
a. for he considers himself to be free of the need of OUR Grace.
96:08
a. Yet, for sure, you all are going to return to your Rabb - The Lord.
96:09
a. Have you not seen someone who prevents,
96:10
a. a devoted servant of Allah from praying when it is time for him to pray?
96:11
a. Have you not seen someone whether he is guided aright,
746 Surah 96 * Al-’Alaq
96:12
a. or, the one who motivates and enjoins piety?
96:13
a. Have you seen that he denies and belies the Truth and turns away in aversion?
96:14
a. Does he not realize that Allah is Ever-Watching everyone and everything?
96:15
a. Not indeed!
b. Yet if he would not desist,
c. WE will...
The experts from various fields have maintained some rules and regulations in understanding and acquiring skills in this field of knowledge. This is due to their efforts which make very simple to understand it similarly the experts of ʽilm-ul-Fiqah i.e. Mujtahedyn and respected Fuqahāʼ have formulated some rules and regulations in the light of Qurʼan, Sunnah and decision act of companions of Muhammad (SAW) which also made it not only simple but it furnish skills and strategies in solving problems in field of Fiqah.
This thesis presents the lacking information on genetic susceptibility of Pakistani population to human prion disease variants and of local domesticated bovids to Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE). In study 1, a total of 909 unrelated individuals including 221 hemophiliacs representing all 4 major provinces of Pakistan were screened for M129V polymorphism and insertions or deletions of octapeptide repeats (OPRIs/OPRDs) using Polymerase Chain Reaction coupled with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Concordance of the results of some PCR-RFLP reactions was also confirmed by dideoxy automated Sanger sequencing. The frequencies of M129V alleles (129M and 129V) and genotypes (129MM, 129MV and 129VV) were found in all 909 individuals to be 0.7101, 0.2899, 0.5270, 0.3663 and 0.1067, respectively. Deletion of 1 octapeptide repeat (1-OPRD) was detected in heterozygous state in PRNP of 10 individuals and in homozygous state in 1 individual. An insertion of 3 octapeptide repeats (3-OPRI) was found in 1 individual and an insertion of 1 octapeptide repeat (1-OPRI) in two individuals. Both 3-OPRI and 1-OPRI were present in heterozygous state and were linked to 129M allele. There were no significant χ2 differences between M129V allelic and genotypic frequencies of healthy individuals and hemophiliacs. However, M129V allelic and genotypic frequencies differed significantly between Pakistani population and East Asian and Western populations. Non-significant χ2 differences between M129V frequencies of healthy individuals and hemophiliacs suggest that individuals manifesting single gene disorders may provide naturally randomized samples for studies aiming at surveying the genetic variation. The combined excess of 129MM and 129VV homozygosity and the presence of 3-OPRI in 1 individual imply that Pakistani population may be susceptible to prion disorders. In study 2, a total of 236 cattle from 7 breeds and 281 buffaloes from 5 breeds were screened for E211K polymorphism and 23 bp and 12 bp indels employing triplex PCR. The E211K polymorphism was not detected in any of the animals studied. The 23 bp insertion allele was underrepresented in studied cattle breeds while the 12 bp insertion allele was overrepresented. Both 23 bp and 12 bp insertion alleles were overrepresented in studied buffalo breeds. Almost 90% of alleles were insertion alleles across all studied buffalo breeds. The average frequency of 23 bp and 12 bp insertion alleles across all studied cattle breeds was found to be 0.1822 and 0.9407, respectively. There were significant differences between Pakistani and worldwide cattle in terms of allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies of 23 bp and 12 bp indels. The higher observed frequency of 12 bp insertion allele suggests that Pakistani cattle are relatively more resistant to classical BSE than European cattle.