سیرت نبویﷺ کے منتخب موضوعات (نبوت، وحی اور معجزات) سے متعلق لزلے ہزلٹن کے آراء کا تحقیقی جائزہ

All mighty Allah (SWT) has created man and made him crown of the nature. For the physical needs of human being, Allah provided him all the needful things. In the same way, Allah (SWT) sent his prophets for the spiritual guidance of mankind. Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was the last messenger of this chain of the prophets. The Prophet hood of Muhammad (SAW) was for the whole of the mankind, for all the people till the day of judgment. Because Allah (SWT) called him the “Seal of the prophets”. And it the gift of Allah to whom he wants to give, he gives. Nobody can achieve this (prophet hood) by its struggle. All the prophets of Allah (SWT) were given instructions through revelation. Some people, who were unable to accept Islam, would make jokes of the teachings of the Prophet (SAW), but he continued his mission and the world witnessed a day when Islam spread all over the world. Some non-Muslims, specially the orientalists, tried to pin point some aspects of the life of the Holy Prophets (in their thinking) but as Allah (SWT) said: And we raised high your name. (Al-Quran: 94: 4) Lesley Hazelton is one of those orientalists. She wrote many books about Islam. Her famous book is “The First Muslim-The Story of Muhammad” in which she has targeted many aspects of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW). This article discusses her views about the Prophet hood, Revelation and the Miracles of the Holy Prophet (SAW). It is out of the human mind to understand the reality of the Prophet hood and revelation. It is the gift of Allah to whom he wants, He gives prophet hood. The family, fame, wealth and physical strength cannot be the reasons for the achievement of Prophet hood. The human mind cannot grab the reality of the revelation. 

Adaptive Soft Computing Synergistic Paradigms for Vsc Based Facts Damping Controls

Adaptive Soft Computing Synergistic Paradigms for VSC Based FACTS Damping Controls Since their inception, damping of Low Frequency Oscillations (LFOs) has been a critical issue in electric power systems. Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) have a renowned capability for rapid regulation of various network quantities, thus being a serious candidate for future power system control and smart grids. VSC based FACTS have built in capability of absorbing or delivering reactive power. FACTS controllers when equipped with efficient supplementary damping control combat LFOs. Although, a large research investment in efficient damping control for FACTS and advancement in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led to more robust controls. Even then, there is a growing realization that the contribution to damping performance enhancement should be more rigorously addressed for different tradeoffs, such as complexity and control effort smoothness. This dissertation puts forth the claim that efficient damping control strategy to improve application quality in terms of damping performance, control effort smoothness and execution time is essential for a high performance FACTS supplementary control. This work is a design paradigm shift from conventional Takagi Sugeno Kang (TSK) based control to advanced control based on hybrid Soft Computing (SC) techniques. SC techniques are the most lucrative choice to supplementary damping control design for their optimal performance delivery in critical applications with low complexity and high precision. The direct focus of this research is to exploit the potential of hybrid SC paradigms, obtained from diversified domains such as signal processing (Fourier and wavelets), applied mathematics (Bsplines and polynomials) and AI (neural and fuzzy), to name a few. A modular approach for optimization of overall Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) TSK structure to speculate optimal combination of antecedent and consequent parts has been proposed. The contributions of this framework are the ixdamping performance improvement with smooth control effort and improved convergence speed. The work, proposed in this thesis, has further been extended to Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) structure. The parameters of controller are updated online, using gradient descent based backpropagation algorithm, to avoid offline training overhead. These synergistic paradigms are later used with indirect Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) and MIMO control to ruminate optimal control schemes. The convergence analysis based on Lyapunov stability criteria has been used to ensure the stability of control scheme and to derive an upper bound on the learning rates. In case of MIMO control, convergence is guaranteed using Adaptive Learning Rates (ALRs). These schemes are applied successively to Single Machine Infinite Bus System (SMIB) with single FACTS, multimachine system with single FACTS and multimachine system with multitype FACTS controllers. The proposed control schemes have been tested for different contingencies and various operating conditions. Finally, the qualitative behavior of all the control paradigms has been quantified using different performance indices that support the nonlinear time domain simulation results. The statistics also support the claim that an ideal performance of a supplementary damping control demands a perfect match between antecedent and consequent part of the NeuroFuzzy network. The frequency domain analysis using Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD) has also been carried out to analyze the frequency spectra of control effort for smoothness validation. The proposed hybrid control paradigms give better performance in transient and steady-state regions.