مولانا عین القضاۃ
(عبدالسلام ندوی)
موجودہ زمانہ میں جبکہ علمی اور عملی دونوں حیثیتوں سے تصوف کی صورت بالکل مسخ ہوچکی ہے، اس سلسلے کے مشہور بزرگ مولانا عین القضاۃ صاحب کی وفات مسلمانوں کے لیے ایک سخت قومی مصیبت ہے۔
مولانائے مرحوم، مولانا عبدالحئی صاحب کے فرنگی محلی کے ارشد تلامذہ میں تھے، وہ تحصیل علم سے فارغ ہونے کے بعد انھی کے زمانہ میں مصروف درس و تدریس ہوگئے تھے اس زمانہ میں انھوں نے درس نظامیہ کی مشہور و متداول کتاب یبذی پر ایک نہایت مبسوط حاشیہ بھی لکھا تھا، جس میں مولانا عبدالحئی صاحب کے طرز تحریر کی وضاحت اور جامعیت پائی جاتی ہے لیکن اس کے بعد حلقہ ارادت میں شامل ہوکر علم و عمل کا بہترین نمونہ بن گئے اور تمام عمر نہایت زہد و توکل کے ساتھ بسر کردی۔
ان کی زندگی ہمارے فقراء و صوفیہ کے لئے اس حیثیت سے نہایت سبق آموز ہے کہ انھوں نے یہ زاہدانہ طرز معاشرت فقروفاقہ سے مجبور ہوکر نہیں اختیار کیا تھا، بلکہ کئی ہزار روپیہ ماہوار کے صرف سے ایک عظیم لشان مدرسہ قرآنیہ جاری کررکھا تھا، اور اس کے مصارف وہ خود اپنی جیب خاص سے بالکل نامعلوم طریقہ پر ادا فرماتے تھے، اس کے علاوہ سال میں ایک بار تمام شہر کو عام دعوت دیتے تھے، جس کا سلسلہ صبح سے شام تک قائم رہتا تھا۔
اب بعض لوگوں نے ان کی سوانح عمری لکھنے کا ارادہ کیا ہے، اور ہمیں توقع ہے کہ یہ کتاب جلد سے جلد شائع ہوکر ہمارے فقراء اور صوفیہ کے لئے موجب بصیرت ہوگی۔ ( فروری ۱۹۲۵ء)
The essence of the Hadith of the Holy Prophet (S. AW) is its fame. When there is Tafarud in a Hadith, the scholars scrutinize it with great concern to detect whether Tafarud is incidental or the Ravi has committed some mistake. The status of the Hadith is established on the basis of Tafarud. There is no specific rule or formula for it, rather every Tafarud is decided permanently on the basis of circumstances. In this paper I have mentioned Imam Tabrani way of Tafarud. I have explained different forms of Tafarud in his book Al Mujam-ul- Awsat. I have also explained with example that Tafarud is accepted sometimes wile rejected at others.
Element of Hopelessness and Meaninglessness in Absurdist Drama Absurdism is a very deep philosophy which focuses on a totally distorted and nihilistic vision of life. This movement got momentum after the devastations of the Second World War when a heavy loss of precious lives threw Europe into the pits of utter dejection and disillusionment. The writers, poets and the philosophers of that era who were the representatives of their society gave vent to their pent up feelings and emotions and wrote extensively about the anguished state of their nation. This dejection which was the outcome of the turmoil created by the Second World War is specially focused on in this thesis. The aim of this research is to highlight the element of the absurd in man’s life which is inevitable. This absurdity in life gives birth to hopelessness and disillusionment. Dejection is a very natural feeling and it leaves a drastic effect on the lives of the human beings. A dejected person totally negates life and develops a negative attitude towards the world. The Absurdist playwrights have made this meaninglessness and despair the core issue of their work. This vision changed the whole scenario of life for them and we find an air of gloominess and dejection prevailing everything in their plays. Keeping in view the approach of these dramatists the researcher wants to probe deeper into the philosophy of life and prove whether the absurd situations in life which create despair and anguish be avoided by thinking rationally and facing life in a real perspective or whether a nihilistic approach like that of the Absurdists’ is the ultimate outcome. It is a very vast and complex issue and for such an issue quantitative approach cannot be followed so the researcher has adopted the qualitative approach. The research is text- based and different libraries have been consulted for collecting the material. The electronic media also helped in making it an authentic piece of writing. As this research is text-based so the researcher has tried her best to make it more descriptive in the light of the material available. Different Absurdist playwrights have been studied for conducting the research but the two eminent dramatists Samuel Beckett and Harold Pinter have been specifically focused on for analyzing the theme of Hopelessness and Meaninglessness. They belong to ‘The Theatre of the Absurd’ and the streak of absurdity evident in their plays displays a total bleak picture of life. In this research work an attempt is being made to let the readers visualize life in a more realistic perspective. The researcher wants the readers to analyze that life has to be accepted with all its colors no matter how dull or bright they are. The research concludes with a very rational approach towards life that it is a precious gift from God and we can make it worth living by a possible return to religion and by having a firm faith.