دوسری قسم کا شاعر
ہمارے ہاں کثرت ایسے شعرا کی ہے جو زبردستی شعر کہتے ہیں اور بہت کم شعراایسے ہیں جو زبردست شعر کہتے ہیں۔تائب نظامی کا شمار دوسری قسم کے شعرا میں ہوتا ہے جن کے ہاں غیب سے آنے والے مضامین پوری قلبی صداقتوں کے ساتھ لفظی پیرہن میں جلوہ گر ہوتے اور اپنا اثر چھوڑے چلے جاتے ہیں۔ تائب بیک وقت پیش و پس منظر پر گہری نظر رکھنے والا شاعر ہے جو محض ظاہری چیزوں کو موضوع بنانے کے بجائے پس پردہ عوامل کا عمیق مشاہد ہ کر تا ہے اور یہی مشاہدہ ایسے اشعار کو جنم دیتا ہے جنھیں حقیقی معنوں میں اشعار کہا جا سکتا ہے۔
تائبؔ نظامی ہمہ وقت حالتِ فکر میں رہنے والا ایک صوفی قسم کا شاعر ہے جس کے ہاں خیالات نئے رنگ و آہنگ کے ساتھ تشکیل پاتے ہیں۔ اُس کی تخلیق کے پیچھے جہاں اساتذہ سخن سے اکتسابِ فیض کی جھلک دکھائی دیتی ہے وہیں اُس کا تنقیدی شعور بھی پوری طرح کارفرما نظر آتا ہے۔ تنقید کی سان پر گزرنے کے بعد کاٹ دار اور فکری گہرائی کے سبب اس کا کلام پُر تاثیر ہو جاتا ہے۔ صبح قفس میں آپ کو ایسے اشعار ملیں گے جو پڑھتے ہی دل میں اُترتے محسوس ہوں گے۔ سچے جذبوں سے گندھی یہ کتاب تائبؔ کے اُن تجربات کا مجموعہ ہے جنھیں زندانِ زیست میں قید ہونے کے بعد لمحہ بہ لمحہ اُس نے دیکھا اور محسوس کیا۔
تائب کے ہاں استحصالی نظام کے خلاف ایک جدو جہد دکھائی دیتی ہے۔ انسانی بے بسی ، ناانصافی ، عدم مساوات اور اخلاقی زبوں حالی کے نقوش اُن کے کلام میں نمایاں ہیں۔ یوں تو تائب نے حمد، نعت اور منقبت بھی کہی ہے مگر ان کا اصل میدان غزل ہے۔اُنھوں نے نہ صرف غزل کی آبرو...
Life of Iqbal is the source of many virtues. This article focuses on some of the sources and motivations that influenced Iqbal's personality. Home environment was the first school of training for Iqbal. Parent's training made him a person of outstanding qualities from the time of childhood. The teachers polished more. Iqbal was also influenced by Sir Syed's movement. This article will give you a glimpse of the research and critique of many new aspects. We must consider the motives of Iqbal's knowledge and wisdom. By the study of these motives, we can examine the mental evolution of Iqbal. Therefore, everything should come to light. Iqbal also expressed his love for nature but within limits. Otherwise, people would make nature an idol and start worshiping it. Authoritative quotes from experts are the part of this research article. These references will provide assistance in the topics of Iqbal Studies.
The field of corporate governance has riveted interest of researchers and financial analysts over the last three decade in Japan. In age of globalization, voluntary corporate governance codes and legal reforms are increasingly proliferated in Far East Asia, continental Europe and in emerging economies; Japan’s corporate governance reforms were undertaken with a conviction that Japan’s discredited bank-based corporate government system, a legacy of the era following the Second World War, should be replaced by a US-style corporate governance system. US-Style Corporate Governance (CG) system was chosen as Japan’s model because of the robust economic performance of the US economy. Japan’s corporate reforms have introduced new laws which emphasize shareholders’ rights and shareholder value maximization, minority shareholders’ rights, competition in the market for corporate control, and transparency and information disclosure. With strong public support, the Japanese parliament promptly passed these new laws which reflected western liberal norms. The primary objective of this dissertation is to explain the underlying changes experienced by the corporate sector due to these reforms. The continuous reforms in the financial and corporate sector have induced a change in shareholders’ investment strategy and financing approach of listed companies in Japan. The unique features of Japanese corporate sector like the existence of main bank system, cross-holdings by firms, and the dual role of banks as a financier and shareholder, the presence of strong business networks in form of vertical and horizontal Keiretsu are under reforms process. To evaluate the behavior of investors and business practices of listed firms we select 1016 firms from 2439 non-financial firms of Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) to explain the causes of change in ownership structure and firm’s investment strategy in short and long run especially in reforms period. Our balance panel data estimates are consistent with the hypothesis, verifying that both restructuring process and firm’s value are profoundly associated with reforms. However, our results have significance because findings of this study will guide policy maker after completion of Abenomics policies in Japan. First, market-oriented shareholders still hold lesser proportions of equity than stable shareholders but their equity positions are increased significantly due to reforms. This indicates that collective impact of ownership transfer to market-oriented shareholders will improve firm’s efficiency and payoffs of minority shareholders. Secondly, after the introduction of independent directors and the new law of information disclosure have reduced the agency cost and inside ownership, like managers and directors have significantly positive effects on firm’s value and restructuring activities. Furthermore, the control transfer to ultimate owners has a significant impact on firm’s performance and value. Consequently, the corporate reforms followed by corporate restructuring have everlasting impact on firm’s ownership, performance and investment policy