اسلام میں سد ذرائع کی اہمیت

The Islamic laws prevent us from the evil deeds. As well as, according to Shariah, it is permissible and sometimes even compulsory to save the believers from the actions that may lead them towards the banned activities. Therefore, the ruling of prohibition from these types of activities is called Sadd-e-Zaree’a. This is the principle extracted from the Quran and Sunnah. As Almighty Allah forbade the believers to say ‘Ra’ina’ because this word was used by Jews knowingly in a wrong manner with evil intentions, whereas, Muslims presented their requests by this same word in the highest court of The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) for seeking easiness and relaxation in their concerned matters. As in Quran: O People who Believe, do not say (to the Prophet Mohammed- peace and blessings be upon him), " Ra’ina (Be considerate towards us)" but say, " Unzurna (Look mercifully upon us)", and listen attentively in the first place. [Baqarah 2: 104]. (To disrespect the Holy Prophet – peace and blessings be upon him – is blasphemy.) Another example by Hadith, in this regard, it is also evidenced by the good character of The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that sometimes He stopped himself intentionally from the permissible activities lest the common masses may involve in undesired activities on the basis of The Holy Prophet’s act. Concisely, keen consideration is required on rational basis when explaining the Shariah rulings of any matter. Otherwise, the beauty andbenefits of the Shariah may be lost. Consequently, to prevent from the future turmoil is actually the spirit of Sadd-e-Zaree’ah. As this is the actually basic need and prerequisite of Shariah. It saves and prevents its believers form expected turmoil. Therefore, if the risk of turmoil would trigger with committing the permissible activity it must be abandoned due to the risk of turmoil.

Intramolecular Cyclization of Substituted 0- Alkynyl Styrenes, Synthesis of Polysulfanes and Solubilization on Ni-Complex in Anionic Micellar Media

1H-indene derivatives were prepared by intramolecular gold-catalyzed reaction of β-alkyl, βalkanol o-(alkynyl)styrenes by formal 5-end-dig fashion involving Pinacol-Pinacolone group migration followed by protodemetalation and deprotonation. The synthesis of mono- and disubstituted o-(alkynyl)styrene derivatives (5a-e). Synthesis of β-alkanol o-(alkynyl)styrenes 6a-f and β-alkyl,β-alkanol o-(alkynyl)styrenes 7a-j has been also illustrated through the reduction and addition of organolithium/Grignard reagents. Gold catalyzed cyclization of β-alkyl, βalkanol o-(alkynyl)styrenes afforded 1H-indene derivatives (10a, 10b, 10e, 10f) involving the nucleophilic attack of internal carbon based nucleophile onto the activated gold-alkenyl complex followed by subsequent Pinacol-Pinacolone type migration. In the second part, synthesis of bis(N-methyl-N-phenylcarbamoyl)polysulfanes having linearly linked sulfurs (S= 1 to 4), have been presented. Characterization techniques like NMR, mass spectrometry and single crystal Xray crystallographic analysis have been also incorporated. Comparative study of N,N′-dimethylN,N′-diphenylurea B1 (commercially available compound) and N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′diphenyloxamide B2 is also illustrated. The third part deals with the physicochemical behavior and interaction of [Ni(phen)3]F2.EtOH.MeOH.8H2O (NPC) with anionic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulphate SDS, sodium stearate SS, sodium ethyl hexyl sulfate SEHS and sodium docusate SD). Critical micelle concentration (CMC) and spectroscopic parameters were determined by UV/Vis spectroscopy and thermodynamic parameters of complex-surfactant interactions were determined by electrical conductivity measurements. NPC showed the tendency of partitioning in the following order SDS ˃SS˃SEHS˃SD and CMC increased in the presence of micellar media. The investigated Ni-complex showed quite significant antioxidant activity against DPPH, hemolytic activity against RBCs, while no substantial cytotoxic activity against 3T3 cell line was witnessed.