شفیع الدین نیر
افسوس ہے انھی دنوں میں شفیع الدین نیر صاحب کا بھی۷۳برس کی عمر میں دہلی میں انتقال ہوگیا۔مرحوم اردو زبان کے بچوں کے نامور شاعراورادیب تھے، اس حیثیت سے انھوں نے نثراورنظم میں پچاسوں کتابیں لکھیں جو گھر گھر مقبول ہوئیں۔انھوں نے اپنی زندگی گورنمنٹ کے ماڈل اسکول میں اردو کے ٹیچر کی حیثیت سے شروع کی تھی۔ ڈاکٹر ذاکر حسین جن کو خود بچوں کے ادب سے دلچسپی تھی، اُن کو جب مرحوم کی صلاحیتوں کا علم ہواتوانھیں جامعہ ملیہ اسلامیہ لے آئے اورانھوں نے پوری زندگی یہیں بڑی وضع داری، شرافت اورمروت سے گزار دی۔تقسیم کے بعد اردو پر زوال آیا تومرحوم کی شہرت، مقبولیت اور ہر دلعزیزی بھی متاثر ہوئی جس کااُن کو طبعاً ملال تھا اوروہ اُس کااظہار بھی کرتے تھے۔ بہرحال اُن کی کتابیں بچوں کے ادب کی دنیا میں اُن کے بقائے دوام کی ضامن ہیں۔اخلاق وعادات کے اعتبار سے بڑے سنجیدہ ومتین لیکن دیندار اور خوش مزاج تھے۔اﷲ تعالیٰ مغفرت فرمائے۔ [مارچ۱۹۷۸ء]
The purpose of this study is to find out the significant effect of self-concept on learning motivation of VII grade students in SMP Negeri 4 Palu on Islamic Religious Education subjects, (2) knowing the effect of learning discipline on learning motivation of VII grade students at SMP Negeri 4 Palu in the eyes of Islamic Religious Education subjects and (3) determine the effect of self-concept and learning discipline on learning motivation of grade VII students in SMP Negeri 4 Palu on Islamic Religious Education subjects. This study uses a quantitative approach. The population in this study were 220 class VII students of SMP Negeri 4 Palu. The sample was determined using proportional random sampling technique using a formula developed by Isaac and Michael, so that a sample of 135 students was obtained. Primary data were obtained using a questionnaire. Data analysis techniques include descriptive analysis, and regression tests using simple regression and multiple regression. The results showed that (1) There was a significant influence between self-concept on learning motivation of VII grade students in SMP Negeri 4 Palu on Islamic Religious Education subjects, with a significance level of 5%, the magnitude of the effect of self-concept variables on students' learning motivation was 0, 615 means having a high influence (2) There is a significant influence between learning discipline on learning motivation of VII grade students in SMP Negeri 4 Palu on Islamic Religious Education subjects, with a significance level of 5%, the magnitude of the effect of the discipline of learning variables on motivation student learning is 0, 565, (3) There is a significant influence between self-concept and learning discipline on learning motivation of grade VII students in SMP Negeri 4 Palu on Islamic Religious Education subjects, with a significance level of 5%, the high influence of concept variables self and discipline of learning towards learning motivation of VII grade students of SMP Nege ri 4 Palu in Islamic Religious Education subjects is 0, 615. The contribution of self-concept variables and learning discipline to learning motivation variables is R2 x 100% or 0, 6152 x 100% = 37.9%, the remaining 62.1% is determined by other variables outside of this study include the level of interest, talent, attention, parenting parents and others.
Energy plays a key role in the prosperity and development of human society. Over the course of millions of years, fossil fuels, including coal, oil and natural gas, have been used as primary source of energy. Fossil fuel reserves are depleting with each passing day hence an alternative low cost, abundant and environmental friendly source of energy is required. Solar radiation is an unlimited form of clean and renewable energy. Its low cost and efficient harvesting can endlessly fuel our civilization.Dye-sensitized solar cells have been identified as the next-generation solar cells and continue to represent an important area of photovoltaic research because of its many advantages such as low cost, ease of fabrication, transparency, different colors, and clean energy source. In the research undertaken in this work, performance ofDSSCs using benzothiadiazolebased dyes was compared, the potential of a broad absorbing organic dye as an alternative to a standard metallic dye as a sensitizer was studied, the effect of different layers on the device performance enhancement was examined, a step by step temperature increase method was employed to enhance the device performance, and DSSC performance was investigated employing a highly ordered one-dimensional zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods based photoanode. To provide insight into the efficient solar energy harvesting and charge transport mechanisms, the techniques of UV-Visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) based computational study, current-voltage measurements, transient photovoltage measurements, transient photocurrent measurements and impedence spectroscopy were performed.