قانون اسلامی میں تعزیر کے جواز اور اس کے طرق تنفیذ کا تحقیقی جائزہ

This article investigates the notion of ta’z┘r (discretionary punishments in Islamic law) by comparing and contrasting it with the concept of hadd (fixed punishments in Islamic law). Deterrence of crimes is the main objective of any legal system in the world and different punishments are prescribed for this very purpose by all legal systems. Hence, this article explains the meaning and definition of ta’z┘r first, followed by the basis of its permissibility in the Quran and Sunnah, its types and modes of implementation etc. The article also elaborates the extent of ta’z┘r in different cases and crimes. The permissibility of pardoning in ta’z┘r as against hadd is also explained while the article concludes with presenting the main findings of the study.

Dynamics of Training and its Institutional Role for Enhancing Human Producitivity

This study focus on dynamics of training and its institutional role for enhancing human productivity; therefore, a comparative study of selected public and private sector universities of Sindh would be carried out to know that how to optimize the human productivity and its continuity at the public and private sector university in this era of drastic competition with the help of training dynamics. This study is descriptive in nature so qualitative approach will be applied to determine the results. It would be conducted through survey research with the help of closed ended questionnaires. This is not possible to cover all employees of each university, therefore, we design random stratified sampling method as from each university there is a subset of teaching and non teaching field of profession then select proportion of male and female employees. Close ended questionnaires data would be interpreted by descriptive statistical methods with the help of frequency tables and graphs. This research study would elaborate the dynamics of training and its institutional role for enhancing human productivity as it sharpness the human sensors and resultantly such sharpened human sensors help in minimizing the loss and increasing the profit and leads towards world of professionalism. This research work is very specific and confined to the selected public and private sector universities of Sindh; however, some part of the work may help in generalizations. This study will help in addressing the problems and challenges being faced by the employees of public and private sector universities with reference to their training and development and will also provide guidelines for improving human productivity through training. This study would work out the different ways to achieve best possible human productivity contribution towards the development of an organization through dynamics of training.