مسیح الملک مرحوم
حکیم اجمل خاں
ہمارے شمسی سال کے خاتمہ کو تین راتیں باقی تھیں کہ نصف شب کو ہمارے ملک کا آفتاب غروب ہوگیا، مسیح الملک حکیم اجمل خاں کی اچانک وفات درد دل سے ہوئی، ہائے یہی ’’درد دل‘‘ ان کی زندگی کا سرمایہ تھا اور یہی ان کی وفات کا بہانہ بن گیا، وہ جس کی مسیحائی سے لاکھوں نے زندگی پائی تھی، خود اس کی زندگی کسی کی مسیحائی کی ممنونِ احسان نہ بنی، حکیم صاحب کی وفات خاندان کا ماتم نہیں، دلّی کا ماتم نہیں، قوم کا ماتم ہے، فضل و کمال کا ماتم ہے، اخلاق و شرافت کا ماتم ہے، سنجیدگی و متانت کا ماتم ہے، اخلاق و ایثار کا ماتم ہے، عقل و رزانت کا ماتم ہے، فکر و اصابت کا ماتم ہے، آزادی و حریت کا ماتم ہے کہ ہندوستان اور مسلمانانِ ہند کے طالع و بخت کا ماتم ہے۔
مرثیہ ہے ایک کا اور نوحہ ساری قوم کا
ہندوستان کا وہ کونسا شریف انسان ہے جس کی گردن اس شریف خانی یادگار کی شخصی یا قومی منت سے گراں نہیں، وہ کونسی قومی مجلس ہے جو ان کے احسانات کے بوجھ سے دبی نہیں ہے، مسلمانوں کا وہ کونسا کام ہے جو ان کی مشکل کشائی کا ممنون نہیں، علی گڑھ ہوکہ ندوہ، دیوبند ہوکہ جمعیۃ العلماء، مسلم لیگ ہو کہ کانگریس، خلافت ہوکہ طبیہ کانفرنس، ہندوستان دواخانہ ہوکہ طبیہ کالج سب ان کے خوان منت کے برابر کے ریزہ چین تھے، جامعہ ملیہ یعنی قوم کے خواب حریت کی تعبیر حسّی، اس کا وجود مستقل اگر تھا، تو صرف حکیم صاحب کے دستِ بازو سے۔
ایک روشن دماغ تھا ، نہ رہا
ملک کا جو چراغ تھا ، نہ رہا
, حکیم صاحب کی وفات سے یوں ہر قومی درس گاہ...
Present study compares the level of public trust in political leadership and the parliament in two provinces of Pakistan: Punjab and Sindh. By applying ordinal logistic regression models, study finds that respondents from Punjab had significantly more trust in their leader and parliament of the country as compared to the participants from Sindh. The variable, government performance, was observed to be the major predictor of public trust in political leadership and parliament between Punjab and Sindh. Additionally, people’s interest in political affairs and conflict resolving behavior of leadership were two other variables which significantly predict public level of trust. The study suggests that respondents who were more interested in the political affairs revealed a high degree of trust in leadership and parliament. Conversely, participants who suffered from the lack of leadership interest in conflict resolving behavior showed low level of trust in both leadership and parliament in both provinces. It is concluded that public trust and distrust are significantly associated with the socio-economic development of the country. Present study may help to understand the factors that may cause public distrust in leadership and parliament of the country. ______
Plants are unable to remove and predict different environmental stresses so they acquire number of mechanism to adjust these changes. Plants receive stimulations from external environment and pass these to the defense response genes, which show their responses, there are number of environmental stresses, which categorized into biotic and abiotic stresses. There are number of transcriptional factors, which control these stresses. Draught, salinity, water and UV radiations are some major stresses, which are reducing the productivity of plants in the world. The most important transcriptional factors are WRKY transcription factor in plants. These factors control number of development events and stresses responses in plants. These WRKY proteins consist of highly specific domain and they interact with other proteins due to these domains. WRKY domain act very important role against the environmental stresses and in the development of plants. WRKY protein has quick, short-lived and related to particular tissue expression under different environmental stresses. WRKY transcriptional factors carry out different function in plants like growth, development metabolism and transduction. WRKY are largest transcription factors which are highly plant-specific transcription factor and they are named due to highly preserved amino acid WRKYGQK in the N-terminus. The number of sequenced genome has been increased at very large amount which assist the evolution of WRKY protein family. Many species of plants have different numbers of WRKY genes which baised on their zinc finger motif. There are 97 WRKYs in Oryza nivara, 102 WRKYs in Oryza sativa, 171 WRKYs in Triticum aestivum, 116 WRKYs inZea mays species etc. Mosses contains 30-40 WRKY genes which were previously consisder as not plants species. Comparative genomic studies with bio-computational techniques show that these genes are present mostly in plant species. The evaluation and due to verities of plants species show that these transcription factors related to specific regulator families. Due to presence of SNPs in DNA sequence of different plants they show different mechanism for different transcriptional factors. In our present study we particularly focused on abiotic stresses and identified the SNPs which are present in plants due to which their stress mechanism changes. Our study reveals that SNPs are very important tools to show genetic relationship between different plants species.