زندگی سے ہارا آدمی
میں نے طور پہ آدمی کو پکارا
تو ہانپتا ہوا بے بس چہرہ سامنے آ گیا
میں اس کا قصیدہ لکھوں
یا اس کی حالت زار کا مرثیہ بیان کروں
وہ آدمی جس کے حال پر،سوال پر، خیال پر
میں افسوس کے سوا کچھ نہیں کر سکتا
جس نے اپنے ظاہر کو روشن کرنے کے لیے باطن کو جلا دیا
زر بناتے ہوئے اصلِ زر کو بھول گیا
گھر کو ریستوران بنا لیا اور پائوں کو پہیے لگا لیے
گویا اپنے پائوں کاٹ لیے
اس تیز رفتاری میں اتنا آگے نکل آیا کہ تنہا رہ گیا
اپنے وجود سے بیزار
زندگی سے ہارا ہوا
دوست میسر نہیں، بس یادیں ہیں
تصویریں دستیاب ہیں مگر بولتی نہیں
بس اتنا سا جواب’’ وقت نہیں ملتا‘‘
’’بہت مصروفیت ہے آج کل‘‘
کاش وہ تصویریں بھی بولتی جو دل میں بسی ہیں
کبھی مسکراتی، کبھی رنجیدہ ہوتیں
اب تو انسان بھی تصویر دکھائی دیتا ہے
میں اس تنہائی کے مارے آدمی سے اکتا گیا ہوں
ان روشن راتوں اور ان سیاہ دنوں سے گِھن آنے لگی ہے
میرا دل تو اب مجھ سے وہی پرانا آدمی مانگتا ہے
محبت، پیار، خلوص اور ہمدردی سے بھرا،دانا آدمی
Background of the Study: To assess the functional outcome among patients with arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with endo-button at Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital post 6 months.
Methodology: A single centered survey was conducted on 67 patients with arthroscopic AC Ligament reconstruction using Hamstring auto-graft (Semitendinosus-Gracilis tendons) after 6 months and evaluated for functional outcome. The data was collected from Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital. The sampling procedure utilized was non-probability sampling. Functional outcome was assessed using subjective form of IKDC score. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.
Results: Out of 67 patients, all were male. The pre-operative subjective IKDC scoring was less than 30 and post-operative mean IKDC scoring is 73.92. On the basis of findings of study, significant improvement was observed after ACL reconstruction post 6 months.
Conclusion: ACL reconstruction shows significant improvement in knee function and significant recovery of preoperative functional status.
Code-Switching and Code-Mixing in Pakistani English Novels This study examines the issue of code-switching and code-mixing in written medium that is Pakistani English novels on the grounds that characters, speech communities, and context presented by Pakistani competent novelists are the representation of real life people, speech communities, and contexts. This shows that the use of code-switching and code-mixing by the characters in their dialogues/conversations is authentic. By using content analysis as a method and applying the theories (frames) of types, reasons and context of situation given by Hoffmann (1991), Saville-Troike (2003) and Wallwork (1978), this study investigates the types, reasons and context of code-switching and code-mixing found in the dialogues/conversations of characters. For this purpose, three famous Pakistani English novels are selected which are Moth Smoke (2000), The Crow Eaters (2005) and Salt and Saffron (2000). The theoretical framework for analysis consists of six types of code-switching and code-mixing, eleven reasons of code-switching and code-mixing and five ingredients of context of situations. The results show that the sociolinguistic theories of code-switching and code-mixing presented by Hoffmann (1991) and Saville-Troike (2003) and context of situation ingredients given by Wallwork (1978) are applicable to data in hand. The findings also reveal the fact that most of the characters in Pakistani English novels use intra-sentential code-mixing in their conversations. In this instance, the main reason for them to do code-switching or code- mixing is to express group identity which happens to be a common practice in informal context. The analysis of the data exemplifies some new categories apart from the set theoretical framework which opens new dimensions for future research.