103. Al-Asr/The Time
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
103:01
a. By the Passage of Time.
103:02
a. Indeed, human being is in a constant danger of great
loss -
103:03
a. except for those who:
- believe, and
- practice righteousness, and
- motivate one another to the truth, and
- urge one another to steadfastness during the trials that befall.
This paper discusses the Islamic jurisprudence as well as the scientific stance regarding breast feeding. Breast feeding is a natural gift for a new born baby, which not only nourishes the infant but also provides great immunity to him. The new scientific research has clarified its importance by calling it the most essential element giving natural immunity that keeps a child healthy and free of diseases. Many developed countries have started “Human Milk Banks” as we have blood banks here. The Human Milk banks provide milk which is like natural food to deprived infants. By taking the milk from “Milk Banks” it creates serious moral and religious problems in the context of motherhood and family relations. This can even cause problems like declaring “Hurmat-e-Nikᾱḥ”. In this paper such issues are elaborated in the light of Qur’an, Sunnah and Islamic jurisprudence.
The purpose of present study was to analyze occupational stress and personality type of academic
managers serving in public sector degree colleges in Punjab. Major objectives of the study were to find
out the relationship between occupational stress and personality types among academic managers of
the higher education institutions, to identify the level of occupational stress among academic managers
of the higher education institutions, to determine the gender differences regarding occupational stress
and personality types. All the 295 government degree colleges in Punjab constituted the population of
the study, out of which 120 were taken as representative sample. Data were collected through
Occupational Stress Inventory–Revised and Myers Briggs type indicator personality. Data were
analyzed by using descriptive statistics such as Mean, Standard deviation, Percentages and Inferential
statistics such as t-test and Pearson Correlation. Analyses of the data lead to the findings.
On the basis of findings major conclusions were drawn which indicated a high level of occupational
stress in females than males. The occupational role that academic managers perform was reported as
the main source of stress. Data revealed that main domain of personality types among both male and
female academic managers were found as extroversion, sensing, thinking and judging. It was also
concluded that there is significant positive correlation between extroversion, sensing, thinking, judging
types of personality and occupational stress whereas significant negative correlation was found
between introversion type of personality with occupational stress.
Based on conclusions it was recommended that steps should be taken to reduce the occupational stress
of academic managers in higher education in order to improve the physical and mental health of
academic manager which will ultimately lead to the development of healthy and calm environment in
higher education institutions consequently enhancing the quality of higher education.