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Impact of Woman Empowerment on Child Diet Diversity and Stunting in Pakistan

Thesis Info

Author

Tahira Bibi

Supervisor

Shahzad Kouser

Department

Department of Management Sciences

Program

REC

Institute

COMSATS University Islamabad

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Management Sciences

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676720567985

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عبالرزاق جھرنا

عبدالرزاق جھرنا

7مئی جنرل ضیاء الحق کے مارشل لاء میں پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی کے سب سے پہلے پھا نسی پانے والے عبدالرزاق جھر نا شہید کی برسی ہے محترمہ بے نظیر بھٹو شہید عبدالرزاق جھرنا کے والدین اور چھوٹی بہن کے ساتھ تصویر۔ جب کوٹ لکھپت جیل ہمیں ملنے آئیں تو سب سے پہلے انہوں عبدالرزاق جھرنا کی پھانسی کا پوچھا ۔ہمارے ساتھی آصف بٹ نے جب بتا یا کہ وہ بہت بہادری سے پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی کے ترانے اور جیوے جیوے بھٹو جیوے کے نعرے لگاتے ہوئے پھانسی گھاٹ گیا تو محترمہ بے نظیر بھٹو شہید کی آنکھیں نم ہو گئیں ۔محترمہ بے نظیر بھٹو شہید کے بعد کیا کسی نے پھانسی پانے والے یا خود سوزیاں کر نے والوں کے لواحقین کی خبر لی میرا پارٹی قیادت سے ایک سوال ؟

 

An Analytical Study of Hazrat Abdul Rehman (RA) Ibn Samara As Conqueror of Balochistan

Hazrat Abdul Rehman (may Allah be pleased with him) belonged to Arab tribe of Quraish and was a close relative of Mohammad (peace be upon him). At the time of conquest of Makkah He (may Allah be pleased with him) entered the circle of Islam. He (may Allah be pleased with him) is counted among the companions of Muhammad (may Allah be pleased with him) who came to sub-continent specially Balochistan in order to preach for Islam and Jihad during the Khilafat of orthodox caliphs. He (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Balochistan twice for Jihad and conquests first during the Khilafat of Hazrat Usman (may Allah be pleased with him) and second time in the early era of Hazrat Muawia (may Allah be pleased with him). He (may Allah be pleased with him) played a vital role in the wars of Balochistan. He (may Allah be pleased with him) established Zehri his abode and capital after conquering Kalat, Khuazdar (Sajistan), Kachi, Gandhava, and Chaghi, and from here he expanded the series of his conquests till Kabul and Qandar. Besides this, he included many areas of sub-continent in the Islamic empire of conquered areas. His (may Allah be pleased with him) life is consists of great chapters of sincerity in deeds. Wisdom and valor, determination fearlessness, strife, hospitality, simplicity and patience. He (may Allah be pleased with him) is counted among the great generals of Islam had the honour to have carried the message of Holy faith in every corner of Balochistan in tough and unfavorable conditions and planted the flag of Islam in Balochistan forever.  

Employee Silence Mediating Role in Organizational Factors and Organizational Commitment: Empirical Evidence from Banking Sector in Khyber Pukhtunkhaw

Organizational factors such as lack of leader openness to voice, lack of open communication opportunity and defensive norms of organizational culture, may lead to the employees’ cognitive decision to intentionally engage in silence behavior. This ultimately results in low levels of organizational commitment. Yet, less consideration has been given to empirically explore these mechanisms while providing theoretical underpinnings. Hence, this study applied the theoretical lens of expectancy theory to understand how these organizational factors influence employee’s conscious decision to intentionally engage in silence behavior, which in turn impacts organizational commitment, in the new empirical context of banking sector of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Moreover, this study used mixed method, sequential explanatory design in which first quantitative part of the study aimed at investigating the mediating role of employee silence between organizational factors and organizational commitment, whereas second qualitative part aimed at explaining the reasons behind the significant and insignificant findings of the study and to re-conceptualize expectancy theory based employee silence model. During the first quantitative phase, probability sampling (two step stratified random sampling) was used to get sample of 1243 bankers in 258 branches of 8 commercial banks from 12 districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The Questionnaire was used for data collection and reliability / validity of the instruments were established through Cronbach alpha and confirmatory factor analysis respectively. The regression analysis, Sobel’s test and structural equation modeling were used for mediation analyses. Furthermore, in the qualitative phase, semi structured interview was conducted while incorporating thematic coding and causal networking techniques. The results revealed that all the hypotheses regarding the direct relation between organizational factors, employee silence and organizational commitment were accepted, except one hypothesis. Moreover, the hypothesized mediated models regarding the intervening role of employee silence between organizational factors and organizational commitment were partially supported, thus extending theory to new empirical context. Additionally, the second qualitative phase provides immense theoretical contribution, by providing explanation for significant and insignificant findings of the study, and presents expectancy theory based employee silence models for the banking sector of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Thus, through triangulation of data, the findings of this study add to the existing body of knowledge and provides valuable insights for bank management, policy makers and HR managers in identifying the areas that needs their attention. Thus, all these factors make this research work significant and, also timely. The limitations, future research avenues, and implications are also discussed.