سید مرتضیٰ علی
افسوس ہے اس مہینہ میں ہمارے ایک نہایت عزیز اور مخلص دوست سید مرتضیٰ علی نے بھی دہلی میں وفات پائی۔ مرحوم نواب صدیق حسن خاں صاحب مرحوم کے نواسی داماد تھے۔حکومت ہند کے محکمہ دفاع میں اعلیٰ افسر تھے۔تقسیم کے بعد بھی یہیں رہے۔دلّی کی جامع مسجد کے قریب ان کا آبائی مکان تھااُسی میں رہتے تھے اورجامع مسجد میں نماز اس پابندی سے ادا کرتے تھے کہ وفات سے پہلے سخت مجبوری کے باوجود انھوں نے نمازباجماعت ترک نہیں کی۔ادارہ ندوۃ المصنفین کے شروع سے محسن اوراس کے کاموں کے بڑے قدردان تھے۔ اسلام کی محبت اورعشق میں سرشار رہتے تھے۔بڑے خلیق،متواضع،صاحب ِخیر، غیور و خوددار اور حد درجہ پابندِ وضع تھے۔اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کوغریق رحمت فرمائے اور پسماندگان کوصبر جمیل کی توفیق ارزاں ہو۔آمین [جولائی۱۹۵۶ء]
Menstruation is a factor that reflects a woman's functional potential which can be influenced by a number of variables including age, family history, socioeconomic status, education, physical activity, personality, exercise, weight, height, stress, infection, percentage of fat distribution and hormonal. Physical exercise or sports affect the menstrual cycle of the participants of martial art Muhammadiyah. This study aims to determine the effect of physical activity on the menstrual cycle, namely female combatants in the martial art Muhammadiyah arts education. According to research conducted in a number of countries, including other developing countries, it is said that menstrual disorders are quite a problem faced by Hillard women and found that female students show more frequent problems with irregular menstruation.
Red chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is a major crop of Pakistan. Sindh contributes 85% of its production and a small town “Kunri” is one of the largest centres for red chilli production in Asia. Red chilli is a major food ingredient and is utilized for the production of essence, pungency and red color. It is an excellent source of vitamin C and has several medicinal uses. The overall production of red chilli has decreased during the years 2006-2007. One of the main reasons for this decline is mycotoxin contamination. Contamination by mycotoxins in the red chilli crop drastically reduces its quality, due to which Pakistani red chilli is unable to enter in the world market and has been banned by European Union Food Authorities, which led to the decrease in export and production. Mycotoxins are a chemically diverse group of fungal metabolites that have a wide variety of toxic effects. The most serious and toxic example are the Aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2) produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxin B1 is considered a major cause of liver cancer. The present study was planned to develop an integrated approach for the management of mycotoxin contamination in red chilli. For this purpose, available germplasm was evaluated to determine the resistance level of red chilli varieties against mycoflora and production of mycotoxins. The mycoflora were isolated by employing standard techniques; associated mycotoxins were analyzed by chromatographic techniques; different antagonistic bioagents and plant diffusates were tested in-vitro for their effectiveness in managing the mycotoxins and mycotoxin producing fungi. The highly susceptible variety „Nagina‟ was subjected to crop management trials in the greenhouse. Firstly, different irrigation levels were evaluated; which have been reported to induce significant reductions in 1 2 toxins. Secondly, different species of yeast like Saccharomyces cerevisae, S. bayanus, S. postoranus and their doses were applied at flowering stage of crop. Finally, the best treatment from these individual trials was incorporated in an integrated mycotoxin management experiment. The significance of each treatment in trials was evaluated by detection and quantification of mycotoxins, estimation of yield components (fresh weight, dry weight, number of pods), nutritional profile and seed viability of produce. At this stage, the formulation of plant diffusates and bio agents with highest proficiency in the in-vitro management trial were applied to chilli pods and pre and post-application status of mycotoxins were recorded. This study provides a record of the mycoflora and mycotoxins associated with various varieties of red chilli. Most importantly, it provides the resistant/tolerant locally available red chilli cultivars (Kunri & Drooping type) which were less contaminated. In addition, the use of Saccharomyces species during pre-harvest and Lactobacillus rhamnosus at the post-harvest stage were some major findings of this study. Finally, the integration of best pre and post-harvest treatments was the most useful strategy for the management of mycotoxins in red chilli. This work provides better and more cost effective technology for farmers to produce high quality toxin free chillis which will not only increase the demand for Pakistani products in international markets but will also become the source of enhanced foreign exchange and farmer income.