An Agglomeration Benefits of Oil and Gas Firms: An Exploratory Study Through Industrial Cluster

The research investigates the agglomeration pattern of seven national, international oil and gas extraction and production companies through an exploration of oil and gas cluster components and subcomponents. For this exploratory study, data is collected through primary sources via in-depth interviews from managers of national and international oil and gas MNCs working in Sindh, Pakistan and through secondary sources of business reports. The content analysis is adopted to analyze the data. Results of this study reveal that there is strong existence of exploration and production companies which results in agglomeration, however, other components of oil and gas cluster like refineries, marketing companies, supporting institutes, media and government poorly exist in Sindh province of Pakistan. Findings also highlight that the Sindh as a resource-rich region is still underdeveloped due to poor management of resources or because of the absence of ideal oil and gas cluster components and coordination among them in the region.

Effect of Power on Crime of Obedience in Government Organization of Pakistan

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of power on follower?s willingness to commit a ?crime of obedience? by complying with a leader?s unethical request in government organization Pakistan. Data were collected from 150 employees working in government education department of Punjab Pakistan through two different questionnaires. Various Linear Regression analyses were performed to investigate the proposed model. The result of this research confirmed that power is an important component in obedience to authority. Findings suggest that all five French-Raven bases of power are positively related with crime of obedience. When power is used by authority, individuals may obey in ways which are destructive and against their personal, moral values.