جتہادی غلطیاں
۲۱ جولائی سن ۱۹۶۰ کے مقدمہ رشیدہ بیگم بنام شہاب الدین میں مغربی پاکستان ہائی کورٹ کے ایک رکن فاضل جج محمد شفیع صاحب نے مذکورہ مقدمہ کے فیصلے میں تعدد ازواج کے مسئلے پر سورہ النساء کی آیت نمبر ۳’’ وَاِنْ خِفْتُمْ اِلَّاّ ۔۔۔۔ ثَلَاثَ وَرُبَاعًا ‘‘ کے تحت اجتہاد کیا اگرچہ حضانت اور سرقہ کے بارے میں بھی اجتہاد کیا لیکن ہمارا مضمون تعدد ازواج کے بارے میں ہے لہذا اسی کو زیر بحث لاتے ہیں ۔اور مولانا مودودی کے جوابات ان اجتہادی غلطیوں کے بارے میں پیش کرتے ہیں ۔
پہلی غلطی: تعجب ہے کہ فاضل جج کو اپنے ان دونوں فقروں میں تضاد کیوں نہ محسوس ہوا ۔ پہلے فقرے میں جو اصولی بات انہوں نے خود فرمائی اس کی رو سے زیر بحث آیت کا کوئی لفظ زائد از ضرورت یا بے معنی نہیں ہے ۔ اب دیکھئے ! آیت کے الفاظ صاف بتا رہے ہیں کہ اس کے مخاطب افراد مسلمین ہیں ۔ ان سے کہا جا رہا ہے کہ ’’ اگر تمہیں اندیشہ ہو کہ یتیموں کے معاملے میں تم انصاف نہ کر سکوگے تو جو عورتیں تمہیں پسند آئیں ان سے نکاح کر لو دو دو سے ، تین تین سے اور چار چار سے ، لیکن اگر تمہیں اندیشہ ہو کہ اگر نہ کر سکوگے تو ایک ہی سہی ۔۔۔‘‘ ظاہر ہے کہ عورتوں کو پسند کرنا ، ان سے نکاح کر نا اور اپنی بیویوں سے عدل کرنا یا نہ کرنا افراد کا کام ہے نہ کہ پوری قوم یا سوسائٹی کا۔ لہٰذا باقی تمام فقرے بھی جو بصیغہ جمع مخاطب ارشاد ہوئے ہیں ، ان کا خطاب بھی لا محالہ افراد ہی سے ماننا پڑے گا ۔ اسی طرح یہ پوری آیت اول سے لے کر آخر تک دراصل افراد کو ان کی انفرادی...
This informative article is a vital as well as analytical analyze of the several Sūrʼas translated as well as defined by Mūlvi Abdul Latīf around the facets of the guidelines connected with Translation as well as Tafsīr set by Mirza Ghulām Ahmad Qādyāni founder of Jamʽat-e-Āḥmadiya. Who offered a brand new principle connected with Tafsīr to verify the inappropriate beliefs as well as his views that are total contrary to the principles set by authentic former Muslim scholars. Many Qādyāni Mufasrīn implemented those principles within their books connected with Tafsīr. Most notable ended up being Mūlvi Abdul Latīf Bahāwalpūri who had written this Translation as well as Tafsīr of 5 Sūrʼas i. ESūrʼa Banī ʼisraeel, Sūrʼa Kahaf, Sūrʼa Yāseen, Sūrʼa Qiyāmah and Sūrʼa Dahar. He implemented the guidelines set by Mirza Ghulām Ahmad Qādyāni. Throughout his work he created a number of alterations not only with Translation but with Tafsīr too. This article is an eye bird review of the principles of the Translation as well as Tafsīr connected with Holy Qurʼan set by authentic former scholars.
Indeed, the lack of successful and effective leadership style of secondary school principals in the province of Sindh, particularly in Karachi has resulted poor performance and low students achievement. Therefore, the basic purpose of the study was to examine the leadership styles of the principals in secondary schools of Karachi. The scope of the study was limited to all the secondary schools of Karachi. Seven hypotheses were formulated for the study. Among these, six hypotheses were based on the demographic variables consisted on sex, status of schools, professional qualification, experience, age and marital status. The seventh hypothesis was related to item-by item analysis of the questionnaire on the thirty dimensions of the leadership styles. The population of the study was large and diverse, thus stratified random sampling was used. The total sample size consisted of 300 teachers and 100 principals from 100 schools. Two research instruments, a self-made questionnaire of 30 items and an interview protocol of 4 broad questions were used. In views of the principals, only one hypothesis out of six was rejected and five were upheld. It was concluded, (2) that private secondary school principals were more significant in the effectiveness of school organization than the government school principals. Though, in hypothesis number (1), (3), (4), (5) and (6), no significant differences were found between the leadership styles of male and female, trained and untrained, experienced and less experienced, younger and older, and married and unmarried secondary school principals in the effectiveness of school organization. In views of the teachers, four hypotheses out of six were rejected and two were upheld. It was concluded that in hypothesis number (1), it was found that the leadership styles of female secondary school principals were more superior to male principals in the effectiveness of school organization, (2) private secondary school principals were more superior to government secondary school principals, (3) trained secondary school principals were more superior to untrained secondary school principals and (5) younger secondary school principals were more superior to older secondary school principals in the effectiveness of school organization. Though, in hypothesis number (4) and (6), no significant difference was found between the leadership styles of experienced and less experienced and married and unmarried secondary school principals in the effectiveness of school organization. The collected data was analyzed through the ‘t’ test and ‘chi square’. In the light of the findings, several solid recommendations were made.