ڈاکٹر اعجاز حسین ؍ ڈاکٹر مسیح الزماں
گزشتہ مہینہ میں ڈاکٹر اعجاز حسین سابق صدر شعبہ اردو الہ آباد یونیورسٹی کا انتقال حرکت قلب بند ہوجانے سے مظفرپور میں ہوگیا، جہاں وہ ممتحن بن کر گئے ہوئے تھے، ان کی میت الہ آباد لائی گئی، اپنی ملازمت سے سبکدوش ہونے کے بعد بھی لکھنے پڑھنے کا شغل جاری رکھا تھا، اہم اور مفید کتابوں کے مصنف تھے، جن میں مختصر تاریخ ادب اردو اور نئے ادبی رجحانات وغیرہ زیادہ مقبول ہوئیں، اپنے شاگردوں میں بہت مقبول رہے، ان کی وفات سے اردو ادب ایک بہت ہی لائق مصنف اور خدمت گزار سے محروم ہوگیا، ان سے کچھ ہی روز پہلے ڈاکٹر مسیح الزماں ریڈیو شعبہ اردو الہ آباد یونیورسٹی کی بھی وفات اچانک ہوگئی، اردو کی مرثیہ نگاری ان کا خاص موضوع تھا، ان کی عمر وفا کرتی تو اس صنف میں ان کا ادبی کارنامہ بڑا قابل قدر ہوتا، وہ پروفیسر مسعود حسن رضوی سابق صدر شعبہ اردو لکھنؤ یونیورسٹی کے داماد تھے، جن کے لئے اس کبرسنی میں یہ سانحہ بڑا ہی جانکاہ ہوگا۔
دعا ہے کہ خدا اردو ادب کے ان دونوں خدمت گزاروں کو غریق رحمت کرے، آمین ثم آمین۔ (صباح الدین عبدالرحمن، مارچ ۱۹۷۵ء)
The book “Al-Aṣābah Fī Tamīz al-Ṣaḥābah” is a famous book of Ibn Ḥajar ‘Asqalānī on the life and contribution of the Companions. This book is quoted as a reference to decide the status of companions. It would not be wrong to call it the encyclopedia of the companions of the Holy Prophetﷺ. Apart from its status as a reference book regarding the companions this book encompasses the Seerah of Holy Prophet in a detailed and well composed manner. The distinction of the book is not hidden from the experts of science and research. In the book and other similar books, the life of the companions was discussed and the biography of the Prophet ﷺwas also described, but another aspect that remained unexplored in these books is the virtues and commandments mentioned in it. There are also narrations about virtues. In this paper the researcher has evaluated the Hadiths related to prayer and fasting that are narrated in Al-Aṣābah Fī Tamīz al-Ṣaḥābah. The evaluation comprises of authenticity of narrators and text, narrators’ mutual association or disassociation and the final decree about the authenticity of a hadith in the light of all available evidences.
Climate change has emerged as a major environmental threat towards the agrarian economy of Pakistan with significant pressures on agriculture production abilities, ecosystem functioning, availability of water assets and also affecting the economic firmness. Increase in atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases has produced significant effects on the climate of our home land in the coming years and this would transform our normal climate, leading towards extreme weather happenings. The current study traced out the impact of climate change on major crops of Pakistan i.e. wheat, rice, maize, sugarcane and cotton by employing Vector Auto Regression (VAR) model. Yearly seasonal data (from 1983 to 2013) published by the Metrological Department of Pakistan and Agriculture Statistics of Pakistan was used. It was revealed that climate change has significant influence on production abilities of major crops in Pakistan. Temperature variable has lasting impacts on crop production. Average minimum temperature played a positive role towards the production of wheat, maize and cotton while reduced the production abilities of rice and sugarcane crop. In case of wheat it showed about 17 percent increase in production due to minimum temperature and showed about 4 percent increase in cotton production. Average maximum temperature also showed positive effects for cotton and maize crop and reduced the production abilities of wheat, rice and sugarcane crops. Average temperature increased production of cotton and sugarcane and lasted negative impacts on wheat, maize and rice. Average temperature increase from four to five degree till 2030 brought reduction in maize production about 5.8 percent. Rainfall is going to be beneficial for sugarcane crop xxiii production. However, it negatively affects wheat, maize and cotton crop. In case of rice it has a beneficial impact in initial period. However, in the long run, it has a negative impact. Variance decomposition showed that average rainfall has brought about 13 percent variations in cotton production hence creating a negative impact while in case of sugarcane it only showed about 2 percent variation. Water availability significantly added for the entire major crops showing that time availability of the water required fairly enhances crop productions. Fertilizer role towards crop production were also very positive i.e. timely fertilizer application enhanced crop production for all the crops. Augmenting research and development policies, public private partnership are the key options to mitigate the harmful effects. Introducing heat and drought resistant crop varieties, improvement in existing irrigation systems, adjusting timings of cultivation will definitely eliminate the catastrophic effects of climate change.