Cardiovascular Effects of Nigella Sativa on Isolated Rabbit Heart and its Impact on Cardiac Remodeling

Background: Black Cumin/Nigella sativa (NS) which belongs to the botanical family of Ranunculaceae commonly grows in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Western Asia. Its prolonged use can produce physiological changes with or without affecting the architecture of different organs like the heart (cardiac remodeling). The data for the cardiovascular benefits of black cumin are not well-established scientifically. Objectives: To determine the direct cardiovascular effects of Nigella Sativa extract on heart rate, cardiac contractility (apical force), ECG, and coronary flow in the normal heart with and without cardiac remodeling. Methods: This experimental study was conducted on forty-two (42) rabbits. These rabbits were divided into seven groups, each comprising six animals (Group I-VI without cardiac remodeling and Group VII with cardiac remodeling). NS was given to these groups in different doses i.e, Group I (NS=10ug), Group II (NS=30ug), Group III (NS=100ug), Group IV (NS=300ug), Group V (NS=3000ug), Group VI (NS=10000ug) and VII (NS=300ug). Radnoti's working heart system was used to determine the effects of NS on heart rate, cardiac contractility (apical Force), ECG, and coronary flow in a normal heart with and without cardiac remodeling. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 28.   Results: Results of this study revealed negative chronotropic and positive inotropic effects without ECG changes in the normal heart and with ECG changes in the remodeled heart. Conclusions: Prolonged use of Nigella sativa can lead to disturbed ECG by affecting the conducting tissue.

On Means and Inequalities for C0-Semigroup of Operators

The strongly continuous semigroups of operators are of great significance due to the fact that these have numerous applications in various areas of science. The qualitative understanding of a complicated deterministic system can be acquired by analyzing the solutions of a related differential equations in terms of these operators. Moreover, the theory of convexity, means, Cauchy means and inequalities has a huge impact in everyday science. Therefore, the pronounced nature of the means and inequalities defined on semigroups of operators, can not be contradicted. This dissertation is a staunch effort to generalize the theory of means and inequalities to the operator semigroups. A new theory of power means is introduced on a C0-group of continuous linear operators. A mean value theorem is proved. Moreover, the Cauchy-type power means on a C0-group of continuous linear operators, are obtained systematically. A Jessen’s type inequality for normalized positive C0-semigroups is obtained. An adjoint of Jessen’s type inequality has also been derived for the corresponding adjoint semigroup, which does not give the analogous results but the behavior is still interesting. Moreover, it is followed by some results regarding exponential convexity of complex structures involving operators from a semigroup. Few applications of Jessen’s type inequality are also presented, yielding the Hölder’s type and Minkowski’s type inequalities for corresponding semigroup. Moreover, a Dresher’s type inequality for two-parameter family of means, is also proved. A Jensen’s and Hermite-Hadamard’s type inequalities are also obtained for a semigroup of positive linear operators and a superquadratic mapping defined on a Banach lattice algebra. The corresponding mean value theorems conduct us to find a new sets of Cauchy’s type means.