البعد الأخلاقي في سياسة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم

The Arab’s tribes were diverse and were scattered all over Arabia. They were alien to any system, were unfamiliar of any rules and regulations. When the prophet PBUH came to them, He gently handled them, made them lenient, gathered them at the one true platform and eventually he was succeeded in uplifting them into the bondage of brotherhood. He guided them towards the political structure so that they can live under its shadow and follow its rules and regulations. He trained amongst them Preachers, judges, leaders and politicians. He sent his messengers to all the rulers of the worlds. These messengers were able to shake the Persians and Roman thrones which were considered the greatest empires of that time. They all got united against this newly arising force which later brought the greatest revolution in the history of humankind. The solutions presented by the Prophet PBUH while confronting the challenges in spreading his message,  enjoy the political wit, which is considered far better than the wit of political scholars and political tycoons. His ability of prior reading of the incidents, uncovers his huge potential in his prior dealing of the matters and suggesting its solutions and substitutes. His policies played a vital role in establishing the prior relations with Njashi, and later to facilitate the Muslims during their first immigration towards Abyssinia from the cruelty of the idolaters. Moreover, He chose the best time for the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah and Conquest of Mecca. He chose among his companions the one who knew the International languages and sent them as his Ambassadors to the rulers and tribal chiefs along with his written or verbal messages. He addressed the each with the method appropriate to him and suited him the best. He made best use of alliance, as he alienated the Arab tribes, from Jews and the others. In this way he was able to take a huge time to concentrate on those nations and was able to make a lot of allies. In his internal policy matters, he always tried to solve his problems, developing the society and to sabotage the malicious intentions which were planned by hypocrites, who were considered as his most dangerous enemies. His policy towards them was to admit apparently and leaving their unrevealed intentions to ALLAH. He treated them well, because he was anxious on preserving the freedom of all and the unity among his companions. When their malicious intentions started turning to become a threat to the security of Islam and started harming the interests of the society, He had not reply them strongly and dissuasively. He demolished the Mosque through which they were planning to harm the Muslim community. Moreover, he drew a line to their plans of aggression without harming anyone. He was very witty in his policies through which he was able to defeat them in the end. In this way he was able to change the course of the whole history on mankind. In this research we will try to deal with his moral wit which is considered the main characteristic of his policy.

The Morphology of Coating-Substrate Interface in Hot-Dip-Aluminized Steels

In Hot-Dip-Aluminized steels, the morphology and the profile of the interface between the aluminum coating and the substrate steel, are affected both by the composition of the molten aluminum as well as by the composition, and even the microstructure, of the substrate steel. This effect has been investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The reaction between the steel and the molten aluminum leads to the formation of Fe-Al intermetallic compounds on the steel surface. The thickness and the morphology of the interlayer vary with the silicon-content of the molten aluminum. In hot-dip-aluminizing with pure aluminum, the interlayer is ‘thick’ and exhibits a finger-like growth into the steel. With a gradual addition of silicon into the aluminum melt, the thickness of the interlayer decreases and the interface between the interlayer and the substrate successively becomes ‘smoother’.With an increase in the carbon-content of the substrate steel the growth of the interlayer into the steel is impeded by the pearlite phase, whereas the ferrite phase appears to dissolve more readily. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic studies showed that the interlayer formed in samples aluminized in pure aluminum, essentially consisted of orthorhombic Fe2Al5, while with a gradual addition of silicon into the aluminum melt, a cubic phase based on Fe3Al also started to form in the interlayer and replaced most of the Fe2Al5. It was further observed that the grains of Fe2Al5 phase exhibited a preferred lattice orientation, and also that even when other phases are present in the interlayer, the phase at the transformation front is always the Fe2Al5. Bending experiments carried out on aluminized specimens showed that as the thickness of the inter-metallic layer increased the angle, at which the start of the cracking in the aluminum coating during bending was observed, decreased. Metallographic examination of bent samples showed that the interlayer developed cracking much earlier than the appearance of the cracks on the surface. These experiments suggested that the aluminized steel flats (or sheets) exhibit very limited formability.