مسٹر نصیر بیرسٹر
بہار میں نئی تعلیم بنگال کے قرب بلکہ ملحقہ صوبہ ہونے کی وجہ سے بہت پہلے پھیلی، وہاں کے مسلمان شرفا کے جو نونہال ان میں سب سے زیادہ پھلے پھولے ان میں سید علی امام، حسن امام اور مظہرالحق وغیرہ کے نام ان کے بعض سیاسی اور قومی کارناموں کی وجہ سے بہت نمایاں ہیں، انہی کے معاصرین میں ایک نام مسٹر نصیر بیرسٹر کا ہے، پٹنہ کے قریب شرفا کا ایک مشہور قصبہ نگرنہسہ ہے، وہ وہیں کے انصاری خاندان کے چشم و چراغ تھے، خاندان میں عربی و فارسی علوم کا چرچا تھا، ان کے دادا، شاہ عبدالعزیز دہلویؒ یا حضرت شاہ عبدالغنی صاحب مجددی کے شاگرد تھے اور ان نفوس قدسیہ کے برکات کا خاصہ اثر اس مغربی تعلیم یافتہ کے ذہن و خیال پر تھا، افسوس کہ ستمبر ۱۹۴۲ء کے آخر میں اس دور کی یہ یادگار شخصیت بھی مٹ گئی۔
۱۸۹۸ء میں جب خاکسار پہلی دفعہ دیہات سے نکل کر شہر (پٹنہ) میں آیا تو سب سے پہلے انہی کی کوٹھی پر جو مرادپور کی سڑک کے شمالی رخ پر تھی اس تعلق سے قیام ہوا تھا کہ میرے چھوٹے چچا مرحوم اس زمانہ میں انہی کے ساتھ رہتے تھے، عمر میں پہلا اتفاق تھا، اس لئے ان کی ہر چیز مجھے عجیب معلوم ہوتی تھی،بہت گویا، بہت ہنس مکھ، ہر وقت خوش و بشاش، شعر و سخن کے دلدادہ، علمی صحبتوں کے شائق، بزرگوں کا ادب، دین کا پاس اور مذہب کا جوش، کوٹ پتلون اور ہیٹ کے اس پتلے میں عجیب رنگین کیفیت پیدا کردیتا تھا۔
۱۹۰۰ء میں ندوۃ العلماء کا ساتواں سالانہ جلسہ پٹنہ عظیم آباد میں تھا، جو قدیم تعلیم کے ساتھ جدید تعلیم کا بھی مرکز تھا، اجلاس میں علماء کرام اور مشائخ عظام کے پہلو بہ پہلو جسٹس مولوی سید شرف الدین...
When we analyse the preaching of religion by the Holy Prophets (peace an blessing of Allah be upon them) in the background of history of mankind, we come to know that Allah Almighty offered at least a Shari'ah (a code of social, moral and religious conduct) to every Prophet or bound them to a Shari'ah previousl preached by another Prophet before them. Shari'ah is, in fact, based upon the principles and practices to lead life. There had been at least some differences in the Shari'ah different Prophets with regard to the difference of their time and place. It is a proven fact that the followers of a Prophet had always been bound to follow the Shari'ah of their own Prophets. The Shareeya of the Prophet of Islam (peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) is absolutely consummate in every respect and it also fulfills the needs of all times to come. It is because of the fact that Mujtahidin who kept on resorting to Ijtehad. The topic under consideration is an intellectual research analysis of the efforts of Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi in the field of Ijtehad in the history of Islam.
A coating is the covering which is applied to the object surface and referred to as the substrate usually. The principle for the application of coating may be func- tional or decorative or both. The coating itself may be a completely covering the substrate, an all-overs coating or only covers a part of a substrate. In this thesis, a theoretical analysis for the blade coating process of incompressible Newtonian and non-Newtonian uids, when they are passing through the narrow region between the blade and a moving substrate is presented. The aim of the blade coating phenomenon is to produce the sheet of speci c thickness andnal appearance of the sheet is very important in many industries, such as paper, cellulosiclms, fabric and textilebers, plasticlms, steel and rubber industries for the purpose of production of a sheet with speci c thickness andnishing appearance. Paints and lacquers are such coatings which mostly have twin advantages; one is the protection of the substrate and the other is being the decorative. However, a few artists paints are for the purpose of decoration only, while the paint which are used on large industrial pipes are most likely for the function of preventing corrosion only. The applications of functional coatings include; the change of the properties of substrate surface, such as wetability, adhesion, corrosion resistance or wear resistance. In other cases, for example, when the substrate is a wafer in the semiconductor device fabrication, a completely new property is added by the coating process such as an electrical conductivity or a magnetic response and it forms an important part of thenished product. In blade coating process, the liquid coating is applied to the material which is to xxv be coated under the blade while the distance of the substrate to the blade deter- mines the coating thickness. In order to a ect the coverage, the blade may have di erent pro les and also may be angled. The blade coating process can directly meter the uid to moving web from the pond of the uid to be coated. The blade isxed or it can be exible and act as a spring. The pressure which is developed under the blade determines the precise position of the blade relative to the backup roll and so determines the coating thickness. In order to maintain this process an e ective, the coating of the liquid should be rather viscous. Then the coating is cured or dried to prevent it to be soaked through the fabric. The Lubrication approximation theory (LAT) is outlined along with its calcula- tions for the viscoelastic and viscoplastic materials. The expressions for velocity pro les, pressure gradient, pressure, coating thickness, Power input, shear stresses and load are obtained. The goal of our work is to develop di erent mathematical models to characterize the e ect of various materials on the blade coating process. The calculations of these values are very important and can be used for production purposes in various industries.