ڈاکٹر رادھا کرشنن
ڈاکٹر رادھا کرشنن گزشتہ ماہ اس دار فانی کو چھوڑ گئے، علم و فن کے فروغ دینے میں ان کا نام رابندرناتھ ٹیگور، جسے۔ سی۔ بوس۔، اور سی۔ وی۔ رمن جیسی قدآور شخصیتوں کے ساتھ لیا جائے گا ان کی وفات سے اس ملک میں بیسویں صدی کا ایک زریں علمی عہد ختم ہوگیا۔
وہ ہندو ادب کے بہت بڑے شارح تھے، فلسفہ میں بھی ان کا علم بہت گہرا تھا، اس لئے ہندو مذاہب کے عقائد و تفکرات میں فلسفیانہ موشگافی کرتے رہے، وہ گسان جیمس وارڈ، ولیم جیمس اور برٹنڈ رسل کے فلسفے سے متاثر تھے، تو خود ان کی علمی گہرائی اور فلسفیانہ ژرف نگاہی کا اعتراف طامسن من اور ایچ جی۔ ویلس جیسے مشاہیر نے کیا، کلکتہ، میسور اور مدارس کی یونیورسٹیوں میں استاد رہنے کے بعد آکسفورڈ یونیورسٹی کے بھی پروفیسر رہے، اندھرا اور بنارس یونیورسٹیوں کے وائس چانسلر بھی بنائے گئے، بیرونی ممالک نے بھی مختلف قسم کے اعزاز اور انعامات سے نوازا جس سے ہندوستان کی عظمت و فضیلت میں بھی اضافہ ہوا، ان کی متعدد تصانیف میں ایک کتاب ’’مذہب کی حکومت جدید فلسفہ‘‘ پر ہے جس میں دکھایا گیا ہے کہ جدید فلسفہ خود مذاہب سے متاثر ہے، وہ بڑے خوش بیان اور باوقار مقرر بھی تھے بولتے تو معلوم ہوتا کہ فضا میں سیم وزر کی آواز کھنک رہی ہے اسی کے ساتھ سامعین محسوس کرتے کہ ان سے اخلاق اور روحانیت کا پیام مل رہا ہے۔
پنڈت جواہر لال نہرو ان کی قابلیت اور اعلیٰ سیرت سے متاثر تھے، اس لئے ان کو علم کی سند سے اٹھا کر سیاست کی مسند اعلیٰ پر بٹھایا، وہ پہلے نائب صدر جمہوریہ ہند پھر صدر بنائے گئے، جس سے خود ان دونوں عہدوں میں وزن اور وقار پیدا ہوگیا، افلاطون فلسفی حکمران کو پسند کرتا تھا،...
Citizen Satisfaction Index System (CSIS) was used to assess the delivery of support to education initiatives in the municipality of Banga, Aklan, Philippines. The samples were determined using multiple application of stratified random sampling approach. In accordance with the Philippine Statistical Authority's Data on Census Population and Housing for 2015, barangays having a bigger share of the population contributed more respondents to the 150 targeted participants. Following the inclusion criteria, the probability respondents were chosen using the Kish Grid. Pre-numbered questionnaires were distributed, with odd numbers targeting male responders and even numbers targeting females. The following criteria were used to evaluate the respondents' assessments: awareness, availment of the program/service, satisfaction, and need for action. Furthermore, interviews were conducted to better understand and investigate the respondents' thoughts, behavior, and perspectives. The reasons for their reaction were also obtained. The data was provided in percentage as well as frequency distributions. The study inferred that awareness on alternative learning system and/or special education program should be improved since it is the only program that attained low rating for awareness. Most of the residents were not able to avail education programs because they have no household member who attends school. Majority of the respondents who availed the services were satisfied. However, scholarship and other assistance programs to students may be enhanced to improve service delivery. It is highly recommended by the citizens to improve accessibility to scholarship programs and other forms of financial assistance to students.
Action research is a qualitative study through which, one can improve the existing practice. Classroom teachers are actually action researchers, who can improve their teaching and the students' learning through critically reflecting on their practices. My interest evolved as a result of my dissatisfaction of the existing practice of the assessment system in my school, which, motivated me to work on this issue. Teachers consider teaching and assessment as two different aspects. Assessment is done at the end of the term or yearly basis which teachers judge the students learning. The problem is that teachers can't do justice to the students through summative assessments. In contrast, formative assessments help the teachers to assess students' progress on an on-going basis. It also helps teachers to improve their practices. We can try our best to use new and modern techniques and strategies in our classroom, but we cannot be effective teachers until and unless we assess the students' learning on an on-going basis. . This research study was done in my own school keeping in mind the possibilities and challenges of using portfolio as a tool for on-going development of the students' writing skills. The process approach was used to teach the students writing where both the mechanics and structure of the story were focused. Assessment of writing is integral to effective teaching and learning. Portfolio is a manageable, effective, and a fair way of assessing individual student's on-going development of writing skills. It helps the teachers to diagnose the students' needs and interests. In this way the teachers become more aware of them as individuals. That's why we say that it helps teachers to improve their teaching. Certainly when you know the students problems you will probably think about some ways to help them to re-solve those problems. Students need encouragement and qualitative feedback. This is the basic purpose of portfolio assessment so that students bring improvement in their work. Teachers feel it as a burden only because they are not aware of the advantages and the effective uses of portfolio assessment. Once they realize its effectiveness and its contribution in their teaching as well as the students' learning they would not feel it as a burden or extra work.