الفاظ کا استعمال اور ان کی مطابقت شاعری میں بہت اہمیت کے حامل ہیں ۔ شاعراپنی فکر کو الفاظ کا آہنگ عطا کرتا ہے۔ یہ الفاظ ہی ہیں جو قاری کے دل و دماغ پر اثر انداز ہوتے ہیں اور شاعر کے کلام کا رتبہ بلند درجے تک پہنچا دیتے ہیں۔ وہ الفاظ جو بے اختیار شاعر کے ذہن میں آتے ہیں ان تک پہنچنے کے لیے شاعر کئی مرحلوں سے گزر چکا ہوتا ہے۔ بہت دیر کی علمی وادبی مشقت اور گہرے مطالعے کے بعد وہ اس مقام تک پہنچتا ہے کہ الفاظ کا ذخیرہ اس کے ذہن میں محفوظ ہو سکے۔ اس طرح بہت سے الفاظ مخصوص ہو گئے اور ان کی ترتیب بھی پہلے سے طے ہو گئی مگر شعرا نے ایک مضمون کو سورنگ سے باندھ کر اس دلیل کو باطل کر دیا۔ کلام اقبال اس بات کا شاہد ہے کہ اقبال نے ایک بات کو کئی انداز سے ادا کیا ہے اور ہر باراپنی بات کو پہلے سے زیادہ دلنشیں اور پر اثر بنا کر پیش کیا ہے۔ پروفیسر عبد الحق کہتے ہیں:
”کمال ہے کہ لغت کے ثقیل اور دقیق الفاظ کو اشعار کی خوبصورتی میں تحلیل کیا۔
چونکہ ان کے افکار میں خلوص کی گرمی اور پیغام میں تپش تھی۔ اس لیے یہ اجنبی
الفاظ بھی فلسفہ کے ساتھ شیر و شکر ہو گئے ۔ کلام میں سیکڑوں الفاظ ہیں، جن کے
مروجہ معانی میں بھی فرق آیا۔ الفاظ معانی کی وسعتوں سے گراں بار ہوئے۔ خودی،
بے خودی، حسن و عشق، ہجر و وصال، جنون و جذب، قیصر و قلندر، ایمان ویقین
وغیرہ کے محدود معنی کلام اقبال میں نہیں رہے جو لغت میں محفوظ ہیں۔ لفظوں کے
تنگ لباس کے ساتھ معنی کے محدود مفاہیم میں اقبال نے انقلاب برپا کیا“(34)
اس لیے معانی کی...
Performance is the work result in quality and quantity achieved by employees in carrying out their duties in accordance with the responsibilities assigned to them. The role of reliable and professional employees is very helpful in improving organizational performance. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Work Engagement and Quality of Work Life with the Performance of Nurses in Inpatient Services in Makassar City Hospital. This type of research is a quantitative study using an observational study with a cross-sectional study design. Sampling using stratified random sampling so that the sample in this study were nurses in the inpatient installation of Makassar City Hospital, totaling 167 respondents. The results showed that there is a relationship between Work Engagement based on the Vigor dimension, the Dedication dimension, the absorption dimension, and the nurse's performance. There is a relationship between Quality of Work Life and the performance of nurses in Makassar City Hospital. It is recommended that hospital management keep paying attention to work engagement, especially the Vigor dimension in order to increase the morale of nurses. Leaders need to know what their employees need so that employees can work according to organizational expectations, one of which is by providing motivation. Implementing a culture of health in the work environment so as to create a safe working atmosphere, developing career path plans for nurses, and internalizing the values of good work culture to maintain a sense of pride in the institution.
Background: Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality globally. The international community recognizes this epidemic and compelling evidence exists on the significant contribution of the health care provider in propagating the success of tobacco cessation. The World Health Organization highlights minimal implementation of tobacco control policies by Tanzania despite a rise in tobacco use prevalence. Medical doctors’ competence is a reflection on our commitment to tobacco cessation service delivery.
Main Objectives: To assess whether medical doctors have the knowledge that would enable them to competently deliver tobacco cessation services.
Specific Objectives
1. To assess medical doctors’ core knowledge on tobacco use and it`s harmful effects.
2. To assess medical doctors’ knowledge on tobacco screening.
3. To determine medical doctors’ awareness on brief tobacco cessation advice.
Design: Facility based cross-sectional study.
Setting: Public and private health facilities in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Participants: Medical doctors in active clinical practice
Site: Multicenter study from October 2013 to January 2014.
Sample size: 320 medical doctors.
Measurement: A 48 item validated questionnaire was used to assess whether medical doctors have the knowledge that would enable them to competently deliver tobacco cessation services; 35 items were scored and each item scored 1 point, two items were nullified because nicotine replacement therapy has not yet been legalized, while 11 items explored participant’s recommendation on tobacco. Competence was defined as an overall score above 25 (71%) of the 35 items.
Results: 320 questionnaires were analyzed. Only 21 doctors (7%) attained acceptable level of competence; which was insignificant p=0.4 (significant p< 0.05) and 62 doctors (19%) reflected satisfactorily on tobacco cessation services.
Conclusion: The level of acceptable knowledge for competent delivery of tobacco cessation services was low. Doctors affirm that they need further training. Enforcing sustainable ways of integrating comprehensive and evidence based tobacco education and cessation services in our local health care systems are recommended to improve competence in tobacco cessation service delivery.