FUNCTIONAL STATUS AMONG PATIENTS WITH STAGE III PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Aims Of Study: The purpose of the study was to assess the functional capabilities of patients with Stage III Parkinson's disease (PD). Functional status of PD patients declines due to impaired postural reflexes and characteristic loss of balance which became evident at Stage III thus activities of daily living (ADLs) are compromised as the severity of the disease increases. Methodology:  Descriptive case series was conducted on stage III PD patients (n=64). Patients with age ranges from 45 to 75 years were recruited and patients with other neurological issues were excluded. They were assessed using a Functional independence measure scale having reliability 0.95. Results: Out of 64 patients, 75% required minimal assistance and 9.4% required supervision while performing the ADLs. Whereas, 81% of patients need 2 hours of personal care assistance according to burden of care. Limitations & Future Implications: Only functional status of PD patient is determined no exercise regime or intervention were incorporated to assess their impact on the PD patient functional activities. Thus, future studies should be carried out to find the correlation between aerobic exercises and their impact on PD patient level of functional independence. Originality: Information added was all taken from databases and reduced to similarity index and was not submitted to any other journal. Conclusion: Stage III Parkinson’s disease patient required minimal level of assistance while performing tasks of daily living. However, majority of these patients required 2 hours of personal care assistance on average per day to compete with daily living.

Comparative Study of Students? Achievement in Schools With Head Teachers of Different Leadership Styles

Leadership plays vital role in any organization to achieve the main objectives of the organization. In schools, all the activities are arranged by a leader to achieve the maximum level of students? achievement. A better leadership style basically improves theemployees? performance that results to increase students? learning. To achieve the main goals of any educational institution, different leadership styles are practiced like democratic, autocratic and laissez faire leadership style etc. This study is targeted to evaluate the comparative students? achievements in District Lodhran under headship of different leadership styles. This is a comparative study in nature inwhich two dimensions of leadership styles have been selected by reviewing the available literature. All the secondary schools Girls/Boys in district Lodhran are the population of the study. A sample of 75 male and female heads has been selected by using convenience sampling technique. This research has adopted the questionnaire as a tool for data collection from the heads of secondary schools. After collecting the data, the responses have been logged in SPSS software for analyzing the quantitative results of selected variable in the research model. Research analysis has shown that there is difference in the leadership style of male and female head teachers. Female head teachers are more democratic than male head teachers. Students? achievement is different under democratic leadership style and autocratic leadership style. The academic achievement of students under democratic leadership style is higher than that of autocratic leadership style. This study recommends that democratic leadership style should be practiced in the educational institutions. The head teachers should be trained so that they may treat teaching and non-teaching staff democratically to achieve maximum goals of the organization.