مولانا حافظ احمد ؍ مفتی عزیز الرحمن صاحب
یہ مہینہ بھی آہ ماتم کی صدا سے خالی نہیں، شکر کا مقام تھا کہ اب تک دیوبند میں اکابر کی صحبت یافتہ اور اکابر کی زندہ یادگاریں موجود تھیں، مگر افسوس کہ یہ بھی یکے بعد دیگرے ہم سے رخصت ہورہی ہیں، مولانا حافظ احمد صاحب مہتمم مدرسہ عالیہ دیوبند خلف الصدق حضرت مولانا محمد قاسم صاحب رحمۃ اﷲ علیہ گزشتہ مہینہ حیدرآباد میں سپردخاک ہوئے اور اب اس مہینہ ۱۸؍ جمادی الثانی ۱۳۴۷ھ کو دائرہ قاسمیہ کے مفتی اعظم حضرت مولانا عزیز الرحمن نے ۷۲ برس کی عمر میں دیوبند میں بمرض فالج انتقال کیا۔ اِنَّا لِلّٰہِ وَ اِنَّا اِلَیْہِ رَاجِعُوْنَ۔
مرحوم نے مولانا مملوک العلی صاحب اور مولانا فضل رحمان صاحب گنج مراد آبادی، اور مولانا رشید احمد صاحب گنگوہی سے ظاہر و باطن کا فیض اٹھایا تھا، کم سخن، متین، حلیم اور سادہ مزاج تھے، تقویٰ اور دینداری، ان کے چہرہ کمال کا خط و خال تھی، حدیث کی درس و تدریس کے ساتھ کتب فقہ کی جزئیات پر ان کی وسعت نظر بدرجہ اتم تھی، فتاویٰ کے جوابات مختصر لیکن قل و دل دیتے تھے اور بیالیس برس تک اس خدمت کو انجام دیا۔ ایسے متقی اور محتاط فقیہ اور محدث آئندہ کہاں پیدا ہوں گے۔
زمانہ کا رنگ پلٹ رہا ہے، انقلاب کی لہریں دیواروں تک پہنچ گئی ہیں، جن کے رہنے والے زمانہ کے اس سیلاب سے اپنے گوشۂ عافیت کو محفوظ سمجھتے تھے، علماء کے خیالات بھی بدل رہے ہیں، اختلاط، میل جول اور مبادلہ آرا سے ان کے نقطۂ نظر میں بھی فرق آرہا ہے، یہ زمانہ علمائے اسلام کے لئے حد درجہ نازک ہے، ایک طرف تو تقویٰ، دینداری، اسلام کی اصلی روح کی حفاظت اور دوسری طرف...
The purpose of this study is to analyze the contribution of Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax (PBB-P2) to Minahasa Regency Regional Revenue, the determinant factor of PBB-P2 revenue which has the most tax objects/subjects but has not contributed to Minahasa Regency Locally-generated revenue (PAD) and Strategies in seeking PBB-P2 in Minahasa Regency to provide real contribution to local revenue. This research method includes a qualitative approach and a quantitative approach to the BPPRETDA case study method. SWOT-Quadrant Analysis. The results of quadrant 1 position score 0.29 external opportunities & 0.12 internal strengths. Progressive action, the SO matrix is recommended by BPPRETDA to increase (NJOP & tax rate 0.3%), increase (officer education, facilities & tax revenue sharing), and collect PBB-P2 data. Potential Determination of Rp.134,128,478,400, - (11% Regional Revenue). It is necessary to determine the (Selling Value of Tax Object (NJOP) of land and buildings to be increased to near market prices with office work and field inspections and to support education, training for officers is needed to continue to be carried out in collaboration with the Ministry of Finance or independently by the Regional Government.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a pre-historic disease and it is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in human and cattle, in many parts of world, particularly in developing nations such as Pakistan, where this disease is uncontrolled and accounts for substantial human and economic losses. The problem has further exacerbated due to emergence of increasingly more resistant strains of M. tb to antibiotics and failure of BCG vaccine. Therefore, new and state of the art strategies like DNA vaccination which is more efficacious and cost effective vaccine to protect against TB must be sought. In this study six genes belonging to M. tb (hspx, cfp10, ag85a, ag85b, ag85c and esat6) were selected and used as a potential candidate for DNA vaccination. Each gene was cloned in pTZR57 cloning vector (Fermentas, USA) with out Kozak sequences upstream the gene and in pcDNA3.1 Topo (Invitrogen, USA) vector with Kozak sequences. Finally the genes were sub-cloned in pND-a mammalian expression vector to get transgene expression under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Almost all of the conscructs without Kozak sequences were unable to produce detectable protein in animal cell lines as checked by Western blots except hspx-pND, which has a natural Kozak in its sequence. The pND having M. tb genes constructs with Kozak sequence gave significantly high expressions. The expression comparison of M. tb genes with Kozak sequences cloned in pcDNA3.1 and pND was also done under in vitro cell line conditions and constructs in pND were found the best. On the basis of in vitro cell line expressions, the endotoxin free pND-M. tb gene constructs preparations were made and subjected to eight weeks old female Balb/c mice’s quadriceps muscles and intradermas @ of 50 μg DNA/leg and 25 μg interdermally at the base of tail. In this way total 125 μg DNA solubilized in normal saline was used for inoculation of an animal. No booster injections were given. The animals were divided into six groups including positive and negative control groups. Eight animals were used for hspx-pND vaccine, eight for cfp10-pND vaccine, two for esat6-pND vaccine and two for equally mixed ag85a, b and c in pND vaccines. Four animals were used as positive control group and injected with Np-pND constructs, similarly four animals were used for negative control (normal saline) group. The animals were bled after nine weeks of post vaccination through tail and finally with cardiac puncture technique. The antibodies were confirmed by Western blot analyses and their level was monitored by indigenously standardized Multiplex Microbead Assay. The best humoral response was shown by hspx-pND vaccinated animals both on Western blots and Multiplex Microbead Assay. Fairly positive response was obtained in animals vaccinated with esat6-pND14 and ag85 a, b and c genes in pND by Western blots and Multiplex Microbead Assay. Whereas undetectable level of antibodies from cfp10-pND vaccinated animals was noted. It is therefore, concluded based on results that all of the M. tb gene constructs in pND gave good expression under in vitro conditions except esat6 gene and under in vivo conditions except cfp10-pND constructs. Therefore, in general the results are promising and need more animal studies before these constructs go to clinical trials.