طاہر نظامی
طاہر نظامی(۱۹۵۰ئ۔پ) طاہرؔ تخلص کرتے ہیں۔ آپ پسرور میں پیدا ہوئے۔ آپ معروف شاعر خدا بخش مضطرؔنظامی کے بیٹے ہیں۔۱۹۸۲ء میں رائٹرز فورم سیالکوٹ نے آپ کو بہترین شاعر قرار دیا۔ (۱۰۸۰) آپ کی پہلی غزل ماہنامہ ’’حرم‘‘ لاہور میں اور پہلی نظم ’’اردو زبان‘‘ سرگودھا میں شائع ہوئی۔ طاہر کا شعری کلام ’’فنون‘‘،’’اوراق‘‘،’’ادبی دنیا‘‘ ،’’ادبِ لطیف‘‘،’’نیرنگ خیال‘‘،’’نیا دور‘ ‘،’’الفاظ‘‘ ،’’نقش‘‘ اور تحریریں میں شائع ہو چکا ہے۔ ’’بلا جواز‘‘ طاہر کا ایک غیر مطبوعہ شعری مجموعہ ہے۔ زیر ترتیب نمونہ کلام ملاحظہ فرمائیے:
چلوں تو پیچھے سے جیسے کوئی بلائے مجھے
جو مڑ کے دیکھوں تو کچھ بھی نظر نہ آئے مجھے
میں دشمنوں سے بھی ملتا ہوں دوستوں کی طرح
جسے یقین نہیں آتا وہ آزمائے مجھے
تری طلب نے جدا کر دیا ہے خود سے مجھے
میں کیا ہوں، کون ہوں، اتنا کوئی بتائے مجھے(۱۰۸۱)
تتلیاں اڑ جائیں گی جب خوشبوئوں کے شہر کو
کانچ کا گلدان پھولوں سے سجتارہ جائے گا(۱۰۸۲)
محبت سے تہی دامن بشر اچھا نہیں لگتا
مجھے سوکھا ہوا کوئی شجر اچھا نہیں لگتا
مجھے پردیس میں یارِ وطن بے چین رکھتی ہے
مگر جب گھر پلٹتا ہوں تو گھر اچھا نہیں لگتا(۱۰۸۳)
Christians and Muslims interact on a daily basis but as far as their beliefs and practices are concerned, there is a general mutual apprehension, suspicion, stereotyping, mistrust, insulting and even physical confrontations. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to examine how Catholic universities in East Africa can help Christian students and others to rethink their attitudes towards Muslims in view of the official teaching of the Church. The findings from the reviewed formal Christian and Muslim statements show that theological dialogue is valid and necessary for fostering peaceful relations. It therefore urges Catholic universities and other learning institutions to assist students to know more about their own religious traditions and those of others through formal theological training, seminars and provision of reading materials in order to participate effectively in this kind of dialogue.
Ever since Pakistan carried out its nuclear tests in 1998, the international community has voiced grave concerns over the prospects of Pakistan’s nuclear weapons or fissile material falling into the hands of non-state actors or terrorists. The threat of nuclear terrorism has gained exclusive attention after the events of September 11, 2001, with concerns that terrorists could create even greater destruction if they had gained possession and know-how of nuclear materials and technology. Today nuclear security has become a leading issue of concern in contemporary international politics. Various academics as well as policy analysts have expressed their apprehensions regarding the security of Pakistan’s nuclear programme. So many hypothetical scenarios are being projected in the Western media, portraying a dramatically chaotic situation about Pakistan’s nuclear assets. Since the international community is facing serious challenges regarding nuclear insecurity, any single nuclear incident by a non-state actor may disturb global peace. Elaborating on the serious security threats to Pakistan’s nuclear weapons, Western security analysts and policy makers have pointed out a potential threat from radical militants and their sympathizers in the civil and military organizations. Additionally, it is a fact that terrorist attacks on military installations, including suicide bombings, have been observed in the last few years, all heightening the perception that Pakistan’s nuclear weapons are not secure. Several suppositious situations have been developed by Western analysts in this context; such as, terrorists attacking Pakistan’s nuclear facilities, controlling its nuclear weapons, accidental or unauthorized use of nuclear weapons and questions on nuclear weapons’ security when military installations are under attack. The other side of picture presents a highly professional and confident Pakistan with state of the art safeguards and highly evolved personnel check mechanism involved in its nuclear security protocol. Pakistan’s nuclear establishment has always strongly rejected such claims by media and policy institutes. Pakistan’s nuclear weapons’ safety and security system is as much advanced and robust as the infrastructure of any other nuclear weapon state. International concerns regarding Pakistan’s nuclear weapon programme are based on hypothetical scenarios that have little chance of materialization. This study is an attempt to conduct an in-depth evaluation of the international concerns cultivated through media, Pakistan’s response and the safety measures taken by Pakistan. It is an overall assessment of the issues related to nuclear safety and security of Pakistan’s nuclear weapons programme. The study suggests that Pakistan needs to improve and strengthen its nuclear diplomacy through effective global representation with special focus on countering negative propaganda, which would be the best way to mitigate international concerns about the safety and security of Pakistan’s nuclear assets.