پیشہ ور مجرم عام طور پر سرکاری عہدیداروں ، سیاست دانوں اور بااثر افراد سے منسلک ہوتے ہیں۔ انہی افراد کے اشاروں پر بعض اوقات فرقہ واریت اور دہشت گردی ہوتی ہے ۔ عام طور پر اس طرح کےمعاملات میں لوگ قوانین حدود وقصاص کے تحت سزا سے بچ جاتے ہیں ۔ ضرورت اس امر کی ہے کہ پیشہ وران مجرموں سے سختی سے نمٹا جائے تاکہ معاشرے کو معاشرتی نا ہمواریوں سے محفوظ رہا جا سکے۔
Money has a great role to play in the economic system. It is a backbone of all commercial and financial transactions. Its role is well defined and established since ages; the fundamental role as a medium of exchange and standard of values. Furthermore, if the functional role of money is positive and productive, it leads to the economic growth and expansion of economic activities. Likewise, the injudicious role of money created several economic fluctuations and frequent financial distortions in the economic history. The article suggests that the injudicious role of money created economic disorder and caused financial crisis in the global economy. The research paper attempts to explore the role of money from Islamic and Capitalistic perspectives. In the capitalistic system, the money is being used as a tradable commodity in the banking and financial sector. The Islamic perspective is based on the teachings of Quran and Sunnah, and jurisdictions of Muslim scholars, in this context, money is only a means of exchange and measure of value. The qualitative research approach has been applied to the discussion and based on the literature review and available data, it is recommended that there is a dire need to review the role of money. The role of money as a tradable commodity caused distortions in the existing system. It is recommended that the banking business needs to be operated on profit and loss sharing rather than the trading of money as a commodity.
This research is conducted to examine the diffusion of organizational innovation and its impact on the growth of Small and medium enterprises of Khyberpakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The study was conducted in the pharmaceutical sector in two clusters i.e. Peshawar and Nowshera of Khyberpakhtunkhwa.A case study research design was adopted for the study and data was collected from through semi-structure interviews. The interview protocol was developed by identifying the themes from the literature review. The protocol was modified slightly after the pilot study of two enterprises and some emergent themes were added to it. The interviews were administered with the different top level managers of each SME. The semi-structure interviews were conducted for primary data whereas the official websites/facebook pages of the firms and non-participant observations were used for secondary data. The research was successful as it established the relationship of diffusion of innovation and SMEs growth as well as put forth some suggestions for making the enterprises innovation friendly. This study also unearthed some barriers and environmental conditions which hinder the diffusion of innovation in SMEs.The study made some methodological contributions as it is the first of this kind in Pakistani perspective.This study offered implications for theory, policy and practice as well as offered some directions for future research.