وصلؔ بلگرامی
اس ماہ یوپی اور بہار کے دو ممتاز شاعروں اور ادیبوں کی وفات کی اطلاع ملی، ان صفحات میں ان مرحوموں کا ذکر اس لئے ہوتا ہے کہ ہماری آئندہ نسلوں کو اپنے پچھلوں کے نام نیک کی خبر رہے، اسلامی تاریخ کا ایک بڑا اہم کارنامہ وفیات یعنی ہزاروں لاکھوں بزرگوں، فاضلوں، ادیبوں اور ممتاز لوگوں کی وفات کی تاریخ کا تعین ہے، تاریخ کی اس صنف پر بہت سی کتابیں مدون ہوئیں، کیا عجب ہے کہ شذرات کا یہ حصہ ایک دن اس عہد کے وفیات کے اوراق بن جائیں۔
وصل بلگرامی مرحوم و مغفور کے جاننے والوں اور ملنے والوں کو یہ سن کر بڑا قلق ہوگا، کہ ۲۸؍ رمضان المبارک ۱۳۶۱ھ کو رات کے وقت وہ ہمیشہ کے لئے ان سے جدا ہوگئے، مرحوم بڑے ملنسار، متواضع، پُرمحبت، دوستوں کے فداکار اور وقت پر ہر ایک کے کام آنے والے تھے، وہ گو ہمیشہ سے دیندار اور پابند وضع لوگوں میں تھے، جوانی میں حضرت مولانا رشید احمد صاحب محدث گنگوہی سے ملتے تھے اور اب ادھر دس بارہ برس سے حضرت مولانا اشرف علی تھانوی (متعنا اﷲ تعالیٰ بفیوضہ وبرکاتہ) سے ان کی ارادت کا تعلق تھا اور اب وہ زیادہ تر حضرت مولانا کی خدمت میں تھانہ بھون ہی میں خانقاہ امدادیہ کے ایک حجرہ میں مقیم رہتے تھے، وہیں اسی حجرہ میں چند روز کے بخار میں اچانک وفات پائی، شیخ نے اپنے مرید کی نماز جنازہ پڑھائی اور وہیں کے قبرستان میں تدفین ہوئی۔ خاکسار سے مرحوم کے تعلقات بہت پرانے تھے، ۱۹۰۶ء میں میری تعلیم ختم ہوئی اور وہ اس عمر میں تھے کہ عالمگیر کے نام سے ایک رسالہ نکال رہے تھے، ان سے بلگرام ہی کی مردم خیز زمین پر اسی زمانہ میں ملاقات ہوئی تھی، اس وقت وہ جوان شاعر اور ادیب تھے،...
Prisoners’ reintegration is the core concept of almost all penal systems in the world. One of the potent tools to ensure prisoners’ reintegration is effective network of religious services within prisons. This paper aims at exploring the role of religious interventions in the reintegration of prisoners with specific focus on Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (KP) jails. Six high profile jails---Central Jail Peshawar, Haripur, Bannu, and District Jail Timergara, Mardan and Kohat of KP were purposively selected. Mixed methodology, more specifically concurrent triangulation technique, was used to collect and analyze the data. Of all 261 respondents, 250 comprised of jail inmates (under-trial and convicted adults and juveniles male prisoners) were randomly selected within the six jails of the province and interviewed through semi-structured questionnaire. The remaining 11 respondents, purposively selected and interviewed through interview-guide included jail officials of all the selected prisons (6 in numbers) and ex-prisoners (5 in numbers). It was found that a clear majority of the respondents considered religious interventions instrumental in accomplishing the goal of prisoners’ reintegration i.e, making them law abiding, productive, contributing and pro-social citizens. Many of the apparently incorrigible and potentially dangerous prisoners altered the course of their lives once they went through religious programs inside prisons. It was also discovered that in KP prisons, there was no effective network of chaplaincy services, and often these services were provided by self-motivated religious prisoners and rarely by the prison management with the collaboration of NGOs. Yet, the existing religious interventions had an extraordinary impact in terms of reforming the inmates. Hence, it is recommended that any prisons’ reform strategy must incorporate a well-designed framework of religious programs to transform criminals into an asset for society.
In the current study, PPy and its composites with V2O5 were synthesized in aqueous medium by chemical oxidation polymerization method using FeCl3.6H2O as an oxidant. The materials were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopic, XRD, TGA, SEM, EDX techniques, surface area and pore size analyzer, UV-visible spectrophotometry and LCR-meter. The FT-IR results confirmed the successful synthesis of PPy and PPy/V2O5 composites. The XRD study showed the amorphous and crystalline nature of PPy and PPy/V2O5 composites, respectively. The TGA analyses showed slight increase in the thermal stability of the composites. The SEM data ratified the porous nature of PPy and PPy/V2O5 composites. The BET surface area of the samples was found to increase with the increase in the content of V2O5. The UV-visible spectrophotometry confirmed the doping of PPy in the composites. The electrical properties of the samples showed their semiconducting nature. The resistance of the samples was found to be dependent on temperature and V2O5 content in the composites. Afterward, the electrochemical gas sensing behavior of the samples was evaluated for ammonia and some common organic liquid vapors. The results showed that the composites were more sensitive and selective towards ammonia and therefore, further studied with respect to V2O5 content in the composites, temperature and ammonia concentration. Among the studied samples, PPy/V2O5 composites with 8wt.% of V2O5 showed best sensitivity response toward ammonia at 25 oC in the range of 5 to 200 ppm with LOD 1.4 ppm. The sensitivity, response and recovery time of this composite was determined from dynamic response curve at 10ppm ammonia and found to be 19.5%, 10.5 and 81.6 s, respectively. The highly selective ammonia sensing performance of PPy/8%V2O5 composites 18 may be due the incorporation of V2O5 in PPy and could be declared as a promising candidate for sensitive gas sensors.