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Home > Impact of Rainfall and Vegetation on Reservoirs Capacity and Identification of Erosion Prone Area U Sing Gis & Rs

Impact of Rainfall and Vegetation on Reservoirs Capacity and Identification of Erosion Prone Area U Sing Gis & Rs

Thesis Info

Author

Mahboob Alam

Supervisor

Mohsin Jamil Butt

Department

Department of Meteorology

Program

MS

Institute

COMSATS University Islamabad

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2008

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Meteorology

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676720788192

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نقش فریادی لفظوں کی بچھی ہوئی بساط

سہ ماہی "نقش فریادی" محض کلاسیکی ادب کی ہی ترجمانی نہیں کرتا بلکہ جدید ادب کو بھی ساتھ لے کر چلنا اس کا اولین فریضہ ہے۔کسی بھی شمارے کا معیار اس میں لکھنے والوں کی محنت اور قارئین کی پذیرائی سے ہوتا ہے۔نقش فریادی نہ محض معروف ادیبوں کی تحاریر شامل کرتا ہے بلکہ نئے لکھنے والوں کو بھی متعارف کرواتا ہے۔کسی بھی قوم کا معیار دیکھنا ہوتو وہاں کے رسائل وجرائد کا معیار دیکھ لیجیے۔نقش فریادی کا یہ شمارہ ششم ہے جس میں اہم ادبی شخصیات کے ساتھ نئے لکھنے والوں کی تحاریر شامل کی گئی ہیں۔تحاریر کا انتخاب کسی بھی مدیر کے لیے ایک مشکل مرحلہ ہوتا ہے لیکن "نقش فریادی" محض معیاری ونئی تحقیقی وتخلیقی تحاریر کو شامل کرتاہے۔نقش فریادی کا ششم شمارہ پیش خدمت ہے۔کوشش کی گئی ہےکہ اس میں دنیائے ادب کی بہترین تخلیقات پیش کی جاسکیں۔ادب کی مختلف اصناف میں مستند ادیبوں کے ساتھ ساتھ نئے مگر توانا لکھنے والوں کی نگارشات بھی "نقش فریادی" میں شامل کی گئی ہیں۔نقش فریادی کو طویل کرنے کی بجائے فقط معیاری تحاریر کو شامل کیا گیا ہے۔اس میں تمام تحاریر کو جانچااورپرکھاگیا ہےتب جا کر صفحات میں اتنی قابلیت ہوئی کہ اسے قارئین کے سامنے پیش کیا جاسکے۔ادبی جریدہ نکالنا کوئی دکان کھولنا یا کسی ڈاریکٹری کی کرسی پر بیٹھنا نہیں ۔نقش فریادی کے اجراء سے کسی ستائش ونمودکی تمنا مقصود نہیں نہ دادوتحسین کی۔اس شمارے کی ایک خاصیت یہ ہے کہ اس میں بین الاقوامی ادیبوں کی تحاریر کو شامل کیا جاتا ہے۔اس طرح اس شمارے میں پاکستان اور دوسرے ممالک کے ادیبوں کی لکھت کو ایک جگہ یکجا کردیا جاتا ہے۔مجھے یقین کامل ہے کہ آنے والے شمارے مزید بہتر ہوتےچلے جائیں گے۔جب آپ "نقش فریادی" میں شامل مضامین،افسانے اوردیگراصناف کا مطالعہ کریں گےتوآپ کو محسوس ہوگاکہ اس کے تمام مندرجات اورمشمولات...

COMPARISON OF PATELLAR MOBILIZATION AND TAPING IN PATIENT WITH PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME

Background of the Study: To compare patellar taping and mobilization plus conventional therapy for reducing knee pain in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Methodology: Controlled trial with 50 participants divided into two groups who received different treatments for 6 weeks: Group A had patellar taping and iliotibial band stretching, while Group B had patellar mobilization and quadriceps strengthening. Participants received three treatment sessions weekly for six weeks. The VAS was used to conduct pre and post-test pain evaluations for groups A and B. Results: Knee pain decreased in PFPS patients receiving patellar taping (Group A) or mobilization (Group B) using VAS (p<0.05). All treatments are effective for PFPS. The VAS scores after 6 weeks of post A and post B treatments assessed. After 6 weeks of taping, mean = 0.76±0.83. After 6 weeks, mean and SD = 1.20±1.12 from patellar mobilization. No significant difference between means (p = 0.12, α ≤ 0.05). Insignificance. Conclusion: The result of the study indicated that after 6 weeks of treatment for both patellar taping and patellar mobilization were effective in decreasing pain in PFPS.

Development of Serodiagnostic Test for Tuberculosis by Using Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Specific Antigens

The effective removal and control of tuberculosis (TB) disease can be achieved with early and accurate diagnosis. It accounts for a majority of deaths and loss of health status thus damaging the economy. The present diagnostics for TB are not very effective as their sensitivity and specificity are low. Therefore the tests with more diagnostic value need to be developed. Thus a study was planned to develop an indigenous technology by exploiting biotechnology tools, and a new emerging technique i.e. multiplex microbead immunoassay (MMIA). Six potential recombinant antigenic genes: ag85a, ag85b, ag85c, cfp-10, esat-6 and hspx of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) were selected for this purpose and respective genes were transformed into expression strain Bl21DE3pLysS for overexpression of proteins. Expression of each antigen was optimized for various conditions like concentration of isopropyl beta-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), time and temperature. Expression of protein was then confirmed by Western blotting. After confirmation, proteins were overexpressed in bulk cultures and purified by using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) by using Histidine-tag (His-tag). The purified proteins were quantified and used to coat on microbeads at different concentrations and were used for analysis of collected blood samples. The blood samples of TB patients and healthy controls were collected from Federal TB Centre, Rawalpindi, from the students of Pir Mehr Ali Shah - Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi (PMAS-AAUR), Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan and healthy controls from USA. The collected human blood samples were divided as tuberculin skin test negative (TST -ve) healthy controls, from Pakistan and USA (group 1), TST positive (group 2), reactivated TB patients xx(group 3) and time points of active TB patients who were diagnosed and were under treatment (group 4). The coated microbeads were then used to analyze the presence of antibodies against M. tuberculosis in the collected blood samples. The results of group 1, Pakistan and USA group (TST negative) showed in general the absence of antibodies against any of the six antigens used in the MMIA. In the group 2 (TST positive), low median fluorescence intensity (MFI) values were detected against all antigens. Further in group 3 (reactivated TB patients) highest MFI values were observed against all antigens whereas in group 4 (active TB patient time points) MFI values were higher than group 2 but lower than group 3. This shows MMIA is very specific in detection of TB. Therefore, based on this it may be concluded that these antigens can be used to develop MMIA. However, use of more antigens and standardization is required.