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Investigating the Internnual Variability of Winter Rainfall in Pakistan and its Association With Western Disturbances

Thesis Info

Author

Ayesha Ahmad

Supervisor

Athar Hussain

Department

Department of Meteorology

Program

RME

Institute

COMSATS University Islamabad

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2014

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Meteorology

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-24 16:44:50

ARI ID

1676720788682

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غزل

داغ ایسے کہ جو دھلتے ہی نہیں پانی سے

آج برسی ہے مری آنکھ پریشانی سے

مضطرب رہنا زمانے میں اسے بھاتا ہے

یعنی درویش بہت خوش ہیں نمک دانی سے

کیوں سکردو میں بھی آتا ہے پسینہ اتنا

کیوں علاقے ہمیں لگتے نہیں برفانی سے

اب بھی ہر پیڑ تحیر میں اسے کھوجتا ہے

اس نے اک پھول چھوا تھا کبھی حیرانی سے

مفهوم الشباب في الكتاب والسنة نظرات في الواقع واستشراف للمستقبل

Youth play an important and key role in the development of a nation. They bring change and progress in society. Youth are not only the leaders of tomorrow but also the partners of today. Revolutionary thoughts only come in youth. Youth of any nation play a pivotal role in all the activities in all the fields of life. All the progress in the field of economics, engineering, medical, arts, politics are the fruits of the passions, dreams and hope of youth. So keeping in view the importance of youth in this article, definition and true meaning of youth have be explained. What period is called a youth period? It is also been discussed in the light of the opinion of different thinkers and scholars. What should be the targets to train the youth. How can a young person be molded and trained into a pious, noble and honest person. This article answers all the questions. It is also suggested that Prophetic method to train the youth in order to fully utilize their capabilities, potentialities and abilities should be adopted. To give them respect, to educate and train them, to make them involve in constructive activities, to engage them in Halal earning and to develop confidence in them are the major action that should be taken to meet the challenges of the future and live a successful life in present. Today’s youth should dedicate their lives for Islam by contributing their time, energies and money, youth as the phase of life when an individual can grasp knowledge of Islam and follow it by utilizing his time and talent in the service of humanity by following prophet Muhammad as a role model. All these points are discussed in detail in this article

Performance Behavior of Confined Brick Masonry Buildings under Seismic Demand

Seismic behavior of typical confined brick masonry buildings has been studied. Single and double story reduced scale confined brick masonry building models, representing typical single and double story residential houses in northern Pakistan, have been tested on simple earthquake simulator. The models have been built at 1:4 reduced scale, following the laws of complete model similitude and tested by subjecting them to a sequence of excitations. The models were confined according to the requirements of Eurocode 8. The research work was divided into three distinct phases: testing of prototype masonry materials and assemblages; simulation of reduced scale masonry materials and assemblage; and shaking table test of reduced scale models. Prototype masonry materials and assemblage were tested in compression, diagonal compression and cyclic test. Typical shear failure was observed to be predominant failure mode in both single and double story models. Although, the walls of single story severely damaged, the confining element was able to prevent them from disintegration. Damage was concentrated at the ground floor in the case of double story model. In-plane walls of ground floor were severely damaged during strong shaking. Horizontal bed joint reinforcement is recommended to connect the tie columns and ground floor masonry walls that will improve the seismic behavior of the ground floor walls. Response modification factor of 3.0 and 2.41 was determined for single and double story models respectively, what is in good correlation with Eurcode spectral amplification factors. The model test results indicate that prototype single and double story buildings of the tested type will resist, with moderate damage an earthquake with peak ground acceleration of 0.4 g and 0.25 g, respectively. The same buildings would resist collapse when subjected to earthquakes up to 1.0 g.