عبدالحمید، حکیم
’’ملک و ملت کا مسیحا نہیں رہا‘‘
بالآخر وہی ہوا جس کا کھٹکا مہینوں سے لگا تھا اور اس مسیحا نفس نے اپنی جان جان آفریں کو سپرد کردی، جس کی مسیحائی سے لاکھوں نے زندگی پائی تھی، حق یہ ہے کہ حکیم عبدالحمید کی وفات پر بھی وہی الفاظ دہرائے جائیں جو مسیح الملک حکیم محمد اجمل خاں کی وفات پر مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ نے تحریر فرمائے تھے حکیم صاحب کی وفات خاندان کا ماتم نہیں، دلی کا ماتم نہیں، قوم کا ماتم ہے، فضل و کمال کا ماتم ہے، اخلاق و شرافت کا ماتم ہے، سنجیدگی و متانت کا ماتم ہے، عقل و رزانت کا ماتم ہے، آزادی و حریت کا ماتم ہے، اخلاق و ایثار کا ماتم ہے، ہندوستان اور مسلمانان ہند کے طالع و بخت کا ماتم ہے۔
مرثیہ ہے ایک کا اور نوحہ ساری قوم کا
حکیم عبدالحمید کا دائرہ فیض و خدمت بہت وسیع تھا، ان سے پورا ملک مستفیض ہورہا تھا۔ ہمدرد کی دوائیں سکہ رائج الوقت کی طرح گھر گھر پھیلی ہوئی ہیں اس لیے آج سب ہی اس محسن اعظم کی جدائی پر اشک بار اور ماتم کناں ہیں۔
عمت فواضلہ فعم مصابہ
حکیم صاحب جس بدنصیب ملت کے فرد فرید تھے اس میں بڑا قحط الرجال ہے، وہ تنہا اپنی ذات سے ایک انجمن، ایک ادارہ، ایک جماعت اور ایک قوم تھے، ان جیسے پیکر صدق و اخلاص اور سراپا خدمت و عمل کا اٹھ جانا عجب سانحہ اور ملت اسلامیہ کا زبردست خسارہ ہے، سمجھ میں نہیں آتا کہ اس کی تلافی کیسے ہوگی اور اس غم کا مداوا کیا ہوگا۔ بلا شبہ وہ اس عہد کے مسیح الملک، ابن سینا اور رازی تھے۔
حکیم عبدالحمید کا خاندان تجارت پیشہ تھا۔ یہ چینی ترکستان کے شہر کا شغر سے...
This article is about the poetry of Arabs and its impacts on Pashto poetry. The poetry of Arab is famous in all over the world. In this article the Arabic poetry and its kinds has been explained. Before Islam, the Arab poetry was very prominent. Arabic poetry has many ’ASN└F (aspects) such as Ghazal/Nas┘b (love poetry), ╓am┐sa (War poetry), Fakhar (Pride) Rasa’ (poems on death), Mad╒a (praise), ╓ikmat and philosophy, ║habi‘at (nature) and hija’ (poetry against someone). Arab poetry contain on five literary period and also evaluate the Sab‘a Mu‘alq┐t and his writers: (1) the most prominent Poets of Jahel┘ period were ’Amr’ ul Qais, ╓aris bin ╓ilza, ‘amar bin kals┴m, ‘Ata bin shid┐d, ║urfa, Al Nabigha, Al Aghsha. In this article explained the Pashto poetry and its periods (1) ‘Aamir kar┴r period), (2) Khushal Khan Khattak period which called the Golden period of Pashto poetry, (4) modern period. Arabic poetry has a great impacts on Pashto poetry. Arabic poetry has impacts on Pashto Ghazal, Nazam, Marsiya, Mad╒a, philosophy and nature.
English is taught as a second language in the Pakistani context where traditional methods such as Grammar-Translation Method (GTM) are dominant in most of the English language teachers' classroom practices. Generally, teachers are found to be neither equipped nor familiar with the communicative ways of teaching English in general and English speaking skills in particular. Therefore, they face challenges and difficulties in their classroom teaching practices, which limit students' learning and drive the teaching-learning processes towards rote- and examination-oriented learning. Many research studies have been conducted in all aspects and skills of second language learning. I have conducted my study with a similar aim that is, to improve the teaching and learning of English language speaking skills. The study was conducted in a lower secondary community school in Karachi, Pakistan, having a low socio-economic status. The methodology selected for the study was Action Research. This study was conducted to explore how teachers can be facilitated in improving their teaching of English speaking skills to grade six students. This entailed introducing new teaching strategies, such as role play, story-telling, and discussion, along with songs as encouraging activities. The findings of the study can facilitate the present researcher in his context, and therefore, improve his own practice as a teacher educator. Data were collected by using different methods and tools, such as observation, audiorecording of interviews of the participant teacher and classroom lessons, video-recording of the first and last teaching lessons, researcher's and teacher's reflective diaries, and document analysis. The study findings, during the reconnaissance stage, reveal that the existing teaching practices are teacher-centered, GTM- oriented, and replete with use of Urdu language. They also reveal the participating teacher's lack of pedagogical content knowledge and skills in addition to her inadequate English speaking skills. They further show students as passive listeners with minimum class participation, overloaded with tasks requiring heavy writing at the same time. Overall, reading and writing skills were focused with less emphasis given to speaking skill. In contrast, the findings after facilitating the teacher-participant with new teaching strategies demonstrate the following, the strategies improved: her practices of teaching English speaking skills; her awareness concerning pedagogical skills and content knowledge; her understanding of the teacher's role in the class; she also developed various teaching materials and lesson plans, and kept a reflective diary. In addition, the findings revealed some challenges that emerged in the process of facilitating the teacher-participant. For