42. Ash-Shura/The Consultation
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
42:01
a. Ha. Mim.
42:02
a. `Ayn. Sin. Qaf.
42:03
a. Likewise Allah, The Almighty, The All-Wise reveals on to you – O The Prophet - as HE did
to those Prophets before you.
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a. Whatever is within the celestial realm and whatever is within the terrestrial world belongs to HIM,
b. for HE is All-Exalted, All-Supreme.
42:05
a. The celestial realm above them will almost burst apart, in awe of HIM, exalted be HE,
b. while the angels glorify the Praise of their Rabb- The Lord, and
c. seek forgiveness of whoever is on the earth.
d. Indeed, Allah is The Oft-Forgiving to the one who repents, The Infinitely Compassionate
towards the one who lives repentantly.
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a. And as for those who take protectors other than HIM,
b. Allah is Ever-Watchful over them, and
c. you - O The Prophet - are not a guardian over them.
42:07
a. And so WE have revealed onto you a Qur’an in Arabic -
b. so you may warn people of the Mother of all Cities – Makkah – and communities and lands
around it.
c. And warn them of the coming of the Time of Assembly, about which there is absolutely no doubt,
d. when a group of them will be in the Paradise, and a group in the Blazing Fire.
42:08
a. And if Allah had so wanted, HE could have easily made them all into one single community
of believers,
b. but HE...
Muslims scholars in principle agree that non-combatants are protected and that they lose protection when they directly participate in hostilities. However, the issues of defining the scope of non-combatant and that of direct participation remain contentious which resultantly cause confusions about the protection of medical personnel. The present paper digs out principles of Islamic law relating to the protection of medical personnel during armed conflict and for this purpose focuses on a doctor who works for humanity and who provides medical assistance to all and gives priority on the basis of need only. It tries to find answers to questions such as: is the doctor muqatil (combatant)? Does the act of providing medical assistance to the enemy combatants make the doctor liable for direct participation in hostilities? Does Islamic law distinguish between the legal consequences of direct and indirect participation in hostilities? After exploring the rich Islamic legal literature on the protection of medical personnel during armed conflict, the paper also examines the legal consequences of abuse of the protected status.
The HHO gas unit was designed for electricity generation. The components were as follows: Glass cell I, Glass cell II(Gel Electrolyte Cell), Fuel cell Design I, Microbial fuel cell design I (Laboratory Scale), Microbial fuel cell design II, (Sediment microbial fuel cell design with salt bridge), Fuel cell design II (broken cell), Fuel cell using waste water as fuel (Design I), Waste water fuel cell design II, Fuel cell design III (Plate type I), Fuel cell design IV (Plate type II), Fuel cell design V (Using copper and graphite Electrodes), Fuel cell design VI-the H 2 Hydrogen Generator, Fuel cell design VII-The HHO Generator. All components were supported on an iron table. A load carrying variable capacity upto 650watts was used to test the apparatus. The generator was run on petrol to maintain the stability. After the generator stabilization, started the HHO cell filled with electrolyte. The different electrolytes used were the potassium hydroxide 1M, potassium chloride 1M, sodium hydroxide 1M and sodium chloride 1M. The performances of single cell and double cells setups with the use of different electrolytes were studied. The efficiency of the system was determined in terms of fuel saving. The single cell saves fuel upto 35% whereas the double cell setup gave the remarkable saving of 40% to 45%. The waste product of this combustion process is generation of water. A less mediator plant microbial fuel cell was designed for comparative analysis, power density of two different electrodes; Nickel and Graphite was tested against different local salt marsh grass species Sporobolas arabicus and Cynodon dactylon. Both electrodes generated the power density of 23 mW/m2 and 10.7 mW/m2 respectively without using feed solution. In other experiments using feed solution, the power output was also recorded during the period of two months. The maximum power density was recorded as 120 mW/m2 and 58mW/m2 respectively from S.arabicus and C. dactylon species. Graphite proved best electrode material as compared to Nickel for production of electricity.