کامرس دا طالب علم ہوون دے باوجود ساہت، قدرتی منظر تے سہپن وچ میری دل چسپی بال پن توں ای سی۔ایہو کارن اے کہ میں باقاعدہ لکھنے توں پہلے سارا پاکستان خاص کر شمالی علاقہ جات دی یاترا تِن سو تو ں وی ودھ وار کیتی۔ بہت سارے لکھاری تے کویاں نال سنگت وی رہی تے جدوں پہلا لیکھ اخبار وچ چھپیا تاں متراں ولوں ملی ہلا شیری کان ساہت وچ دلچسپی ڈونگھی ہوندی گئی۔ پنجابی ساہت دیاں لکھتاں پڑھ تے اوہناں دے لکھاریاں نوں مل کے خوشی محسوس کردا ساں۔ارشاد ڈیروی نال وی میرا سمبھندھ ساہت پاروں ہویا۔ پہلی ملاقات دا قائم ہویا تاثر اج تائیں برقرار اے۔ اوہ اک درویش صفت منکھ نیں۔ سب نال پیار کرن والے تے یاراں دے یار، اُچ کوٹی کوی، پارکھ تے کھوج کارنیں۔ اوہناں دے سریر وچ اک بھڑکائو روح دا واس ہے جو اوہناں نوںٹک کے بہن نہیں دیندی۔ ہر ویلے کسے نہ کسے کم وچ رجھے رہندے نیں۔
میں اپنے کول موجود آپ دیاں لکھتاںنوںگوہ نال پڑھیا تے پڑھن توں بعد اوہناں دی شخصیت تے فن دی جو مورت من اندر ابھری میں انتہائی ایمان داری نال اکھراں دی لڑیاں وچ پرو کے تہاڈے ساہمنے رکھ دتا اے۔ میں کتھوں تائیں اپنے سرنانویں نال انصاف کر سکیاں ہاں، ایہہ گل تساں مینوں دسنی اے۔ تہاڈے وچاراں دا اڈیکن ہار۔
ڈاکٹر محمد ایوب
فیصل آباد
In this study the researchers chose the research object, namely a building material trading company in Sampit, Central Kalimantan named PT. Samudra Mas Group. The urgency of this study is to determine whether the multi-channel retailing variable, cooperation synergy and accounting information systems affect business development strategies and ultimately have an impact on company performance. This is to ensure the use of a business development strategy for the next 5 years. The study was conducted using respondents who are employees of PT. Samudra Mas Group, which has director positions to middle management and has the authority to make decisions in company operations. Respondents amounted to 70 people. This research measurement method using Smart PLS Professional 3.0. Pulling data by observation, interviews and distributing questionnaires. The results showed that multi-channel retailing, synergy of cooperation and accounting information systems significantly influence business development strategies. As well as a business development strategy to mediate multi-channel retailing that affects business performance.
Energy Efficient Radio Resource Management in Wireless Networks The contemporary extension of telecommunication industry and the hike towards more and more data rates have a profound impact on the power disbursement. More sensitive of the disadvantages associated with this power budget are the climatic perils along with the economic bounds. Consequently, the concept of Energy Efficiency (EE) for attaining green communication is evolved that may help to address the above affairs in current and future wireless networks. Enormous efforts have been done in this regard for the attainment of EE that include efficient power control, channel allocation, interference management and data rate maximization, etc. In addition, the incorporation of new techniques like Device to Device (D2D) and Cognitive Radio (CR) in existing wireless communication will increase the EE of the wireless systems. In this thesis, the notion of EE has been thoroughly investigated, with the basic as well as advanced approaches for its attainment. Therefore, resource allocation problems for maximization of EE have been focused in different wireless frameworks like Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), D2D and CR networks. Resource allocation is the field of wireless communication in which the wireless resources like bandwidth, data rates, transmission power etc., are cleverly distributed among users. Therefore, I have considered channel allocation, transmission power allocation, user admission and mode selection in cellular communication frameworks for the achievement of my goal of increasing the EE. Firstly, I have considered resource allocation problem in uplink SCFDMA for maximization of EE. The joint power and subchannel allocation problem is formulated to maximize the EE metric under constraints on the minimum achieved data rate of each user, the maximum transmit power budget of each user, and the exclusive as well as the consecutive allocation of sub-channels among the users. This problem is a nonlinear and combinatorial optimization problem, which has been transformed to equivalent binary integer programming problem for obtaining the optimal solution. Also, a heuristic suboptimal solution with less computational complexity has been presented. This EE utilization of resources may further be extended to advanced wireless techniques like D2D and CR to complement our goal. D2D is one of the promising technologies that can be used in association with cellular networks for the provision of high data rates, which is the foremost demand of today''s cellular users. These high data rates can further be increased through efficient management of resources, which may also increase the EE of such systems. Therefore, I have also address the mode selection, user admission control and the resource allocation in a pooled D2D and cellular network optimization model, for energy efficient resource allocation. The problem formulated is a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Problem (MINLP), whereas such problems belong to a class of problems whose computational complexity is NP-hard. Finding the optimal solution of such hard problems by the brute force and searching the feasible space is also challenging since the complexity increases exponentially by increasing the admitted users. Therefore, a Mesh Adaptive Direct Search (MADS) algorithm has been proposed to find the EE resource allocation with reasonable computational complexity. The D2D connectivity is nonetheless a game changing technique while considering the high data rates, however, more smart utilization of resources in CR assisted D2D networks, may result in more data rates and EE. Therefore, the problem of maximizing EE of CR assisted D2D networks has been considered, subject to compliance of transmit powers of cellular users and interference constraints of primary users of broadcast network. CR network users are cellular users comprising of cellular and D2D users. Cellular users can opt any of the cellular or D2D mode. The cognitive radio network users opportunistically utilize spectrum of Television (TV) white spaces. The problem thus formulated is NP-complete. MADS algorithm has been used to find near optimal solution. The results of MADS have been compared with the exhaustive search algorithm, which clearly proves MADS to be an ideal algorithm, and can be a choice for real life large cellular networks, due to its low computational complexity.