ACADEMIC MOTIVATION LEVEL AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS SOCIAL STUDIES AMONG PUBLIC SCHOOL SECONDARY STUDENTS IN ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY PHILIPPINES

In a Social Studies, students' academic motivation and attitudes will be useful to their academic progress. If a student is enthusiastic about a subject, he or she will do better in class and learn faster. There have been a lot of studies that have looked into students' academic motivation and attitudes toward social studies, but there does not appear to be any study that focuses on the learners themselves. This quantitative study aims to determine the level of academic motivation as well as the attitude toward social studies of 458 secondary students from public schools using the Academic Motivation Scale High School Version and Secondary Students Attitudes Towards Social Studies Scale. It also looked at whether there was a significant difference in academic motivation and attitude toward social studies when respondents were sorted by gender. Finally, it investigates the link between academic motivation and attitude towards social studies. Students are found to be "highly motivated" in terms of academic motivation and have a “positive attitude” toward social studies, according to the findings. Furthermore, when respondents were divided into gender groups, no significant differences in academic motivation and attitude toward social studies were found. Finally, academic motivation and attitude toward social studies show a significant favorable relationship.

Theoritical Study of Intense Laser Beam Interaction With Relativistic Quantum Plasma

The interaction of intense Circularly Polarized Electro-Magnetic (CPEM) wavewith3-componentrelativistic-quantumplasmaconsistingofrelativistic degenerate electrons and positrons, and dynamic degenerate ions is theoreti cally studied. A mathematical model is structured by coupling Klein-Gordon equationsfortheelectronsandpositrons;andSchro¨dingerequationfortheions with Maxwell equations through Poisson equation. Solutions of the dispersion relationareplottedfortherelativisticquantumplasmausingelectrondensity ranging from 1030m−3 to 1036m−3 and several positron concentrations. Three modesareobserved: electronplasmawave,lowfrequency,andhighfrequency waves. One of the mode could be associated with the electron plasma wave; a higher frequency mode, that we shall refer to as the pair branch in this the sis; and a low frequency mode that could be associated with the ions. The pair branch mode having a possible association with the positron states stays unaltered by variation in the positron concentration, but varies significantly ii withachangeinthequantumparameterdefinedintermsoftheparticlenum ber density. The addition of positrons to plasma and increasing the positron concentrationsuggestenhancedopacityoftherelativisticquantumplasma. A nonlinear interaction of large amplitude CPEM waves with the plasma leads toself-inducedtransparency. Theplasmatransparencyincreaseswithincreas ing the amplitude of CPEM wave. The model so developed is then applied tostudystimulatedRamanscattering,modulationalinstabilityandstimulated BrillouinscatteringofintenseCPEMwavesinsuchplasmas. Ourresultsshow that the growth rates are affected by the positron concentration, the quantum parameter of the plasma as well as by the amplitude of the incident electro magnetic wave. Themodelisthenextendedtoa4-componentand3-componentrelativistic quantum plasmas. In the first case constituents of plasma are relativistic degenerate electrons and positrons, dynamic degenerate ions, and Thomas Fermi distributed electrons. The second type consists of relativistic degener ate electrons, dynamic degenerate ions and non-relativistic quantum beam of electrons. We have used Klein-Gordon equations for the electrons and positrons,Schro¨dingerequationfortheionsandnon-relativisticquantumbeam ofelectrons,andThomas-Fermidistributedelectronsareconsideredintheback ground. MaxwellandPoissonequationsareusedfortheelectromagneticwave. Numericalstudyofthedispersionpropertiesiscarriedoutinadensity-range of ∼ 1030 → 1036m−3 for several positron concentrations. Specifically, four modes are observed; associated with electrons, positrons, ions and beam of electrons. Onceagain,thepairbranchmodestaysunalteredbyvariationinthe iii positron concentration, but varies significantly with a change in the quantum parameter. An increase in the positron and electron beam concentrations en hancetheplasmaopacity. ThenonlinearinteractionoflargeamplitudeCPEM waveswiththeplasmasleadstoself-inducedtransparency. Thetransparency decreaseswithincreasingthepositronandelectronbeamconcentrations. The model is then applied to study stimulated Raman scattering, modulational in stability and stimulated Brillouin scattering of intense CPEM waves in such plasmas. It is observed that the growth rates of these instabilities are affected by the concentration of positrons, the quantum parameter of plasma, and intensity of the incident laser beam.