سیرت نبویﷺ کے منتخب موضوعات (نبوت، وحی اور معجزات) سے متعلق لزلے ہزلٹن کے آراء کا تحقیقی جائزہ

All mighty Allah (SWT) has created man and made him crown of the nature. For the physical needs of human being, Allah provided him all the needful things. In the same way, Allah (SWT) sent his prophets for the spiritual guidance of mankind. Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was the last messenger of this chain of the prophets. The Prophet hood of Muhammad (SAW) was for the whole of the mankind, for all the people till the day of judgment. Because Allah (SWT) called him the “Seal of the prophets”. And it the gift of Allah to whom he wants to give, he gives. Nobody can achieve this (prophet hood) by its struggle. All the prophets of Allah (SWT) were given instructions through revelation. Some people, who were unable to accept Islam, would make jokes of the teachings of the Prophet (SAW), but he continued his mission and the world witnessed a day when Islam spread all over the world. Some non-Muslims, specially the orientalists, tried to pin point some aspects of the life of the Holy Prophets (in their thinking) but as Allah (SWT) said: And we raised high your name. (Al-Quran: 94: 4) Lesley Hazelton is one of those orientalists. She wrote many books about Islam. Her famous book is “The First Muslim-The Story of Muhammad” in which she has targeted many aspects of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW). This article discusses her views about the Prophet hood, Revelation and the Miracles of the Holy Prophet (SAW). It is out of the human mind to understand the reality of the Prophet hood and revelation. It is the gift of Allah to whom he wants, He gives prophet hood. The family, fame, wealth and physical strength cannot be the reasons for the achievement of Prophet hood. The human mind cannot grab the reality of the revelation. 

Prediction Based Greedy Routing Strategies for Wireless Networks of Moving Objects

Calculation and prediction of link duration between two nodes connected, as to create networks for communication system has always been a main area of high degree of importance. With the introduction of Ad Hoc networking concept along with its emerging subsets like MANETs, VANETs and FLYNETs. The issue regarding the calculation and prediction of the node''s link with reference to time is becoming more challenging because of the requirements of different strategies in different scenarios. As well as the changing topology and high speed of node had a great impact of link duration analysis. Geographic routing algorithms have the potency to work with a large network without maintaining the routing table of a node with complete route information, thus decreased the routing overhead. These routing strategies are incredibly suitable for the networks created by the VANETs with their high speeds and changing topology characterization. A number of researchers are involved with the development of routing strategies for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), which can cope up with the uncertainties of the scenarios associated with the variable speed and high dynamics change of network topologies. With the advent of IPv6 and cheap availability of GPS, system''s geographic routing is becoming a solution for the problem associated with the possibility of the successful routing in VANETs. Disadvantage associated with the geographic routing is its reliability associated with the precise requirement of position information of the node. These networks are quite hard to handle in terms of the presence of such hindrances or may prove to be much more cost effective. Furthermore, time lagging factor’s presence in the routing table of the neighboring node because of the movement of the node position information is a reality which cannot be denied. Hence, the pattern of movement of a node is another issue which should be taken into account before the selection of routing nodes. Opportunely, according to our analysis vehicle movement is not complicated in highway scenarios. By using this, the significant observation, we had designed a movement pattern which can simulate the nodes moving in the highway scenario. Data set of a project group had been used. Project group had gathered data on a high way for bi directional traffic. Roads are divided into 1000 meter segments as to observe the movement pattern and then analysis had been performed. Our highway scenarios are able to capture different events and also connect the vehicles on the road from each other. We have suggested a fresh approach for geographic routing, which exploits the predicted locations of vehicles. We have proposed a stable link duration technique based on the prediction method by using the heading direction and present speed of a vehicle. This can effectively reduce the requested frequency of position update. Special tool in MATLAB has been designed for the testing different scenarios of VANETs by using different entity based mobility models.