مولانا محمد رفیع
افسوس ہے پچھلے دنوں ہمارے نہایت فاضل دوست لیفٹنٹ کرنل خواجہ عبدالرشید کالاہور میں، اورمولانا محمد رفیع صاحب کا انتقال دیوبند میں ہوگیا۔ اوّل الذکر پرتوایک مضمون برہان کی آئندہ اشاعت میں شائع ہوگا۔مولانا محمد رفیع صاحب حضرت شیخ الہندؒ کے نواسے تھے۔ دارالعلوم دیوبند کے فاضل اور پختہ استعداد کے عالم تھے، ان کے والد ماجد مولانا محمد شفیع صاحب جو علم و عمل، تقوی وطہارت اورفقر ودرویشی میں سلف صالحین کے نمونہ تھے۔عرصۂ دراز تک مدرسہ عبدالرب دہلی کے صدر مدرس رہے، مولانا محمد رفیع بھی عمر بھر اس مدرسہ میں استاد رہے۔والد ماجد کی وفات کے بعد مدرسہ کے ناظم بھی ہوگئے تھے۔ عملاً نہایت صالح،عابد وپرہیزگار،خوش پوشاک اورخوش اخلاق تھے، عمر۸۷برس کی ہوئی۔اللھم اغفرلہ وارحمہ۔ [اپریل۱۹۸۳ء]
Marketing strategy is an effort to market a product, both in the form of goods and services, using certain plans and tactics to increase sales volume. One of the business development strategies is the implementation of a marketing mix strategy. Marketing is one of the most important factors in the continuity of a business, so it is very important for business people to pay attention to the marketing mix in their business. The purpose of this study was to determine how D'besto Fried Chicken Pekanbaru applies sales promotion. The data analysis technique used is market mix analysis. The marketing mix variables studied were product, price, place and promotion. The results of this study indicate that consumer decisions in purchasing D'besto Fried Chicken Pekanbaru are strategic location selection and products that are acceptable to the public. The recommendation of this research is that D'besto Fried Chicken Pekanbaru products should be more diverse and innovative in terms of packaging and online marketing and improve brand quality.
In numerous studies conducted during last four decades, information on changes in morphological and physiological responses of cotton plant grown on alkaline calcareous soils under various nitrogen levels and moisture stresses at different growth stages was lacking. This study was executed to test the hypothesis whether moisture stress at certain growth stages of cotton may help to save irrigation water and nitrogen in certain genotypes without significant yield and fibre quality losses as compared to well water application coupled with higher levels of nitrogen. The objectives were also to investigate the impact of nitrogen and moisture stress interaction on plant growth, rooting pattern, dry matter partitioning, seed cotton yield, and fibre quality of cotton. Field and a glasshouse experiments were conducted (2008-12) at Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad. In field experiments RCBD split-split plot design was used. Factors were: Genotypes (V), moisture stresses (I), and nitrogen (N). Genotypes (main plots) with three treatments were; V1 = NIAB-846, V2 = NIAB-824, and V3 = CIM-496; I (split plot) treatments were; I1 = local control (LC), eight irrigations as recommended locally, I2 = moisture stress at inter-node elongation stage (MSI), I3 = moisture stress at vegetative growth stage (MSV), and I4 = moisture stress at inter-node elongation and vegetative growth stage (MSI + MSV); and N levels (split-split plots) were; N1 = 50 kg ha-1, N2 = 100 kg ha-1, N3 = 150 kg ha-1. In glasshouse experiment CRD design was used with genotypes, moisture stress, and nitrogen factors: moisture stress treatments were; S1 = control, (water application (50% ASMDL); S2 = moisture stress at inter-node elongation stage (80% ASMDL, (MSI); S3 = moisture stress at vegetative growth stage at 80% ASMDL, (MSV); S4 = moisture stress at inter-node elongation and vegetative growth stage at 80% ASMDL, (MSI+MSV); nitrogen levels; N1 = 25 mg kg-1 of soil, N2 = 50 mg kg-1 of soil, and N3 = 75 mg kg-1 of soil, and genotypes were; V1 = NIAB-846, and V2 = CIM-496. Agronomic, physiological, growth, and fibre quality traits of cotton were significantly affected by interaction effects. During 2008, highest seed cotton yield (SCY) of 5709 kg ha-1 was achieved by I3 × N3 × V2 treatment, followed by 5634 kg ha-1 SCY by I1 × N1 × V2. In NIAB-846, highest SCY (5469 kg ha-1) was obtained by I1 × N3 × V1 treatment and 4843 kg ha-1 SCY in I3 × N2 × V1 treatment. In CIM-496, highest SCY of 5296 kg ha-1 was achieved in I2 × N2 × V3 treatment. During 2009, NIAB-846 gave greater SCY of 4871 kg ha-1 by I3 × N3 × V1 followed by 4798 kg ha-1 by I1 × N1 × V1 treatment. NIAB-824 produced highest SCY, 4853 kg ha-1, by I3 × N1 × V2. In CIM-496 highest SCY was obtained by I1 × N3 × V3 and I3 × N2 × V3 treatments. In glass-house experiment, highest SCY plant-1 by S2 × N1 × V1 and S3 × N1 × V1 was obtained as 118 and 115 g plant-1. Economic analysis of interaction effects indicate maximum net benefit and benefit cost ratios in; NIAB-846 that may save 66% N and 12.5% irrigation water, NIAB-824 can save 12.5% irrigation water with 150 kg N ha-1, and CIM-496 may save 33% N and 12.5% irrigation water as compared to the traditionally recommended N and irrigation amounts for cotton production in Pakistan.