ہاشم شاہ(۱۷۵۶ء۔۱۸۲۱ء) میں موضع جگد یوکلاں تحصیل اجنالہ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ آپ کے والد حاجی محمد شریف اپنے عہد کے پیرِ طریقت تھے۔ ہاشم نے انھی کے ہاتھ پر بیعت کی۔ آپ کے والد مختلف علوم اور زبانوں کے ماہر ہونے کے علاوہ حکیم حاذق بھی تھے۔ مہاراجہ رنجیت سنگھ جب ان کے علاج سے صحت یاب ہوا تو خوش ہو کر تھرپال نزد ریہ نارووال ان کو انعام میں دیا۔ ہاشم تا دمِ مرگ ۱۸۲۱ء یہیں رہے(۶) سرور ارمان نارووال کے شعرا کے تذکرے میں ہاشم شاہ کے بارے میں رقمطراز ہیں:
ہاشم شاہ نے فارسی‘ پنجابی اور اردو میں شاعری کی مگر ان کی شہرت کا بڑا سبب ان کی لکھی ہوئی عشقیہ داستاں سسی پنوں ہے۔ جس سے ان کا شمار پنجابی کلاسیکی شعرامیں ہوتا ہے۔ اس کے علاوہ ہاشم شاہ نے سوہنی مہینوال‘ شیریں فرہاد‘ لیلیٰ مجنوں ‘ ہیر رانجھا اور دوہے بھی پنجابی زبان میں لکھے۔(۷)
ہاشم شاہ عشقِ حقیقی کے قائل تھے۔ ان کے آباؤ اجداد میں سب پیر اور روحانی پیشوا تھے۔ آپ نے باطنی طور پر حضرت پیر عبد القادر جیلانیؒ سے روحانی فیض حاصل کیا۔ پیر عبد القادر کی منقبت سے چند اشعار ملاحظہ ہوں :
اس گناہیں کے لیے یا پیر غفاری کرو اب تو کچھ پردہ نشیں پر حال ستاری کرو
دستگیری کجیو ڈرتا ہے ہاشم پر گناہ دستگیر بے کساں یا غوث الاعظم بادشاہ (۸)
دنیا کی بے ثباتی بھی ہاشم کی اردو شاعری کا موضوع ہے۔ ہاشم سمجھتے تھے کہ دنیا کی زندگی عارضی ہے اور ہر کسی انسان نے دنیا سے آخرت کی طرف سفر کرنا ہے۔ اس حوالے سے اشعار ملاحظہ ہوں:
کہاں سکندر کہاں ہے دارا جام کہاں ہے جم کا جن کی تیغ سے دیو بھی کانپے دل دہلے رستم کا
ان کی راکھ ملے نہ ڈھونڈے دنیا گھر ہے غم کا ہاشم جان...
In Islamic jurisprudence, there are different degrees of inference and reasoning. He is also a mujtahid who, while respecting the principle of a particular religion, differs from his religion only in its branches and does not go against the principles of that particular religion. There is also a mujtahid who has jurisdiction over both the principles and the rules. Such a mujtahid is not a follower of any of the jurisprudential religions. Taqi-ud-Din Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah remarkable, recognized, and medieval Sunni Theologian, jurisconsult, logician, and great reformer today, he is known by the title of Sheikh-ul-Islam. In some sciences and arts, he had Ijtihadi abilities and practitioners. He did not spare a single minute in expressing his critical ability and competence according to his instincts in principles and disciplines. Ibn Taymiyyah's critical ability and competence were manifested in the form of differences in the scientific world of the Islamic world. Due to this, Ibn Taymiyyah faced severe criticism from the academic circles all his life. In this article, it will be reviewed that Ibn Taymiyyah's jurisprudential and doctrinal differences came to light based on ijtihad, principles and his jurisprudential position and status and method of derivation and reasoning of the issues.
The purpose of this study was to enhance the role of subject coordinators through using Appreciative Inquiry (AI) in a private secondary school of District Thatta. For this purpose, the study initially exploring the subject coordinators' existing roles (perceived and enacted) in relation to facilitating teachers' classroom practices. The study highlights how AI can be used to enhance the roles of subject coordinators, and what are the processes, outcomes, potential and challenges of doing so. For intervention, this study focused on one aspect of the role of subject coordinators i.e. observing classrooms and giving feedback to teachers to improve the teaching learning practices. In general, classroom observation and feedback method .focuses on the problem based approach of giving feedback, where problems, gaps or weaknesses are identified to then solve them. This method of classroom observation and giving feedback highlights the weaknesses and ignores the strengths and positive aspects of teachers. On the contrary, AI is a new approach for change that focuses on strengths and life giving aspects in people and the organization, based on a simple assumption that every organization has something that is working well. AI begins by identifying what is positive and connecting to it in ways that heighten energy and vision for change (Cooperrider, 1987). Embedded within the qualitative research paradigm, the study employed participatory action research (PAR), using an appreciative lens/ approach, and consisting of pre intervention, intervention and post intervention stages. Classroom observation, field notes, reflective conversations, reflective journals, observations, interviews, etcetera were some of the tools used to generate and collect data. The findings show that a positive and strength based focus was helpful to enhance teachers' self esteem and self confidence. Encouraging and facilitative role of the subject coordinators helped in enhancing the creative skills of the teacher and empowering them to use alternate approaches in their teaching. The study also highlights the significant impact that use of AI has had on subject coordinators' personal and professional lives and practices; for example, they used AI to not only provide strength based feedback, but also to develop strength based school development plan, and strength based individual educational plan for special need students.