پروفیسر قمر رئیس مرحوم
پروفیسر قمر رئیس بھی اپریل کی آخری تاریخوں میں اس دنیا سے رخصت ہوگئے، ایک مہینہ پہلے ’’ایوان اردو‘‘ کے خصوصی اداریہ میں جب انہوں نے چند جانے والوں، خاص طور پر فضا ابن فیضی کا ماتم کرتے ہوئے تمنا ظاہر کی تھی کہ اگر موت ایک ماندگی کا وقفہ ہے تو کاش یہ دینوی اور علامتی طور پر سچ ہوتی لیکن اردو کے درد و بام پر سوگ کا عالم طاری دیکھ کر بڑی حسرت سے کہا کہ یقین نہیں آتا کہ جانے والوں کی رحلت محض ایک ماندگی کا وقفہ ہے، افسوس یہ ماتم کرنے ولا چند دنوں بعد اسی کاروان رفتگان کا حصہ بن کر اردو دنیا کو ایک دیدہ ور صاحب دانش سے محرومی کا کرب دے گیا۔
ان کا وطن شاہ جہاں پور اور نام مصاحب علی خاں ہے لیکن قمر رئیس کی شہرت کی چمک میں اصل نام و وطن چھپ کر رہ گئے، علی گڑھ میں تعلیمی مراحل سے گزرکر تدریسی منزلیں طے کرتے رہے، اس راہ میں تاشقند و سمرقند سے بھی گزر ہوا لیکن شہرت کو بال و پروان کے قلم نے عطا کیے، ۱۹۳۲ء میں جب وہ پیدا ہوئے تو اردو کے ترقی پسندوں کی تحریک صرف ذہنوں میں تھی لیکن قمر رئیس کا عالم شباب آیا تو ترقی پسند تحریک کی مقبولیت بھی شباب پر آئی اور فطری طور پر عہد شباب کی بعض بے اعتدالیاں بھی ساتھ لائی، یہ کہنا بے احتیاطی نہیں کہ قمر رئیس کے ذہن کی سلامتی نے ان کو اس فکر سے محفوظ رکھا کہ ترقی پسند ادب کو قدیم ادب اور اس کی بہترین روایات کا منکر ہونا چاہئے، انہوں نے اردو تنقید کو اپنا موضوع بنایا تو اس اقرار کے ساتھ کہ تلاش و تفحص کا جذبہ ہی تنقید کا نقطہ آغاز ہے اور...
Modern social activists through media present Islam’s view about women as an oppressed figure linked to her sexuality through so-called liberalism; her oppression is particularly symbolized by obsessive concern with sex, women’s bodies, the veil, and female isolation. While on factual grounds such mind set and groups have oppressed women by judging their worth as persons based on physical attractiveness. Such modern trends and feministic approaches have turned the image of woman as tool of entertainment or attraction. Those who are convinced by such modern values regard woman‘s status in Islam as inferior on the basis of several issues including; guardianship in marriage, polygamy, divorce right. Unfortunately this horrible disease has crept into Muslim societies in the name of cultural interrelation which is in total disregard for our purity and distinguishing values. The magnitude of women rights in Islam with comparison to feminism has been covered in this brief paper. The first part of the paper gives image of women in western society and bases for initiatives taken for feminism movement in west. Second part of the paper gives a comparison between Islamic approach of women rights and feminism. Third part of the paper describes the view of women liberation and modernity in western society. In fourth part of the paper discussion about women oppression has been presented. In fifth part Islamic view of women rights has been given through Quranic verses and references which is followed by findings and conclusion of the whole discussion
An internet user, in general, searches through keyword-based system. Searching through different search locomotives has now become easy and interesting with the advancement of Semantic Web in computer science. Well-defined ontologies forming the base of Semantic Web have become highly valuable in the fields of Education, Legislation, Medication, Publication and a variety of other fields. For the utilization of this advancement and in order to validate knowledge, the Semantic Computation could prove helpful in un-wrapping and presenting authentic legal documents, known as Islamic Legal Rulings (Fatawa). This thesis brings the verdicts and consensus of Islamic specialized scholars (Muftis) to the fingertips of the user. To resolve any issue through Fatawa is surely not an easy job. The collection of Fatawa spanning over fourteen centuries is massive. In the light of these observations the application of Semantic Computing as a means for searching and receiving a Fatwa gives precise result compared to the keyword based searching. This thesis proposes a model framework based on Ontology for queries related to the sophisticated as well as diversified aspects of the Fatawa. When many scholars submit their rulings to an inquirer, the result is too many diversified rulings of the same problem. So if a user is not satisfied with the one that negates his personal point of view, he approaches one scholar after the other for the verdict of his liking till he is satisfied. In order to resolve the issue and to synchronize the different scholars’ opinion the concept of ontology publisher i.e. Head Scholar is introduced in the proposed novel model framework. The architecture is also explained briefly. The Head Scholar as an ontology publisher and all the panelist Muftis will review as per their domain of specialization but that will not be submitted directly to the user, it will be submitted to the higher authorities for final verdict i.e. ontology publisher by Head Scholar. After the comments and revision by all the concerned panelists the final ruling will now be endorsed by the respective specialized group Head Scholar. So the main final authentic Legal Ruling will be submitted to the user as per the user’s school of thought. The algorithm for the said novel model framework is then developed and was tested on around 500 Fatawa. All were semantically recognized correctly and the information thus available was precise, exact and accurate. The algorithm developed was computationally effective for precise and correct information as per the user’s requirements and reduces around 50% of searching time in comparison with keyword based results.