ہونٹ ناز پرور کے
اس ناز پرور کے ہونٹ
جیسے کسی ماہر سنگ تراش نے نفاست سے تراشے ہوں
میں دن بھر جملوں کی ترا ش خراش میں مصروف رہتاہوں
کاش ان تراشیدہ ہونٹوں کو لفظوں کا پیراہن دے سکوں
جن پہ سرسوں کے پھولوں کی طرح مسکراہٹ پھوٹتی ہے
تو صبح کی پو پھوٹنے کا گمان ہوتا ہے
بہار نکہتوں کا کاسہ لیے اُن کی دریوزہ گری کرتی ہے
لفظ ان کی حلاوت سے رعنائی پا کر نکلتے ہیں
مگر ان ہونٹوں پر خزاں رسیدگی
The beauty of religion Islam is not only to provide the complete life style and charter for one to lead his life smoothly but it flourishes the human life with its eternal directions and commands full of hidden pleasures coupled with physical and spiritual care of human body. In fact, the everlasting religion comprised of such rulings that help individuals in every walk of life until and unless these rulings are implemented and executed in a proper way according to the prescribed codes of Almighty Allah and his Messenger, Prophet Muhammad PBUH. The thorough study of Shariah rulings reveals the fact that to protect the man’s life or even to make it in comfort and ease, the gradual and steady relaxation has been observed like the one unable to perform prayer in standing position, legitimate for him to sit or even through gestures according to the status of his illness and disease. Similarly, the fasting is important part of Worship, obligation upon Muslim to observe fasting during Ramadan with intentions to get Allah’s pleasure and piousness. This research study emphasis on highlighting the shariah rulings about the medication during fasting in order to know the extent of use, specification in drugs like injections and drips along with some relevant discussion about the spirit of medicine permission. The study will be the real addition to the knowledge and will be fine guidance for the Practiced Muslims.
The exposure of crops to a variety of fungal and bacterial diseases leads to their huge losses both in quantity and quality. Different strategies are being adopted to control of these diseases among which the use of chemical pesticides is a common one. But the health risk due to chemical exposure is being associated with this common method. The application of biological control antagonists (BCAs) can provide a positive plus promising alternative to chemicals. Many mycelial fungi and bacteria have proved to be good antagonists against several plant pathogens, but less literature is available, in contrast, for the use of yeasts as biological antagonists. This study was an effort to evaluate the biocontrol efficiency of indigenous endophytic yeasts associated with healthy plants against different root rot pathogens. Hundred yeast strains were isolated from different vegetative parts of healthy plants belonging to seven genera. Out of hundred yeasts tested, sixty-nine isolates showed inhibitory effect during in vitro assay against Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, and Macrophomina phaseolina, to varying degrees. Maximum inhibitory effect against root rotting fungi was observed by yeast strains KUAY-17, KUAY-34, KUAY-62. Out of hundred yeast isolates, sixty-nine isolates repressed the mycelial growth of the three tested fungi viz., Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum and Macrophomina phaseolina. No yeast was effective against Rhizoctonia solani during in vitro testing. KUAY-34, 62 and 66 caused maximum inhibition of F. solani while F. oxysporum was greatly suppressed by KUAY-9, 25, 34, 38 and 62. Mycelial growth of M. phaseolina was restricted greatly by KUAY-5, 9, 34 38 and 62. Eleven yeast isolates showed 100% nematicidal activity against second stage juveniles of root knot nematodes after 48 hours, while other strains killed the juveniles to varying degrees. Out of 15 isolates tested for Indole Acetic Acid production, 2 yeast isolates produced maximum concentration of IAA in vitro, whereas, all the tested yeast isolates exhibited the phosphate solubilization property. The effective yeast strains were subjected to testing for their biocontrol activity in screen house experiments using Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) and Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) as test crops. The yeasts were able to inhabit the roots of test crops when applied externally to plants in sterilized soil. They significantly enhanced the growth of tested plants. In soil, having naturally infestation of root rotting fungi, the application of endophytic yeasts not only reduced the incidence of pathogens but also promoted the plant growth. Out of 17 tested yeast isolates, 4 isolates, viz., KUAY-5, KUAY-17, KUAY-34 and KUAY-62 exhibited great potential of reducing fungal pathogens along with the promotion of plant growth both in screen house experiments as well as under field conditions. The combined treatment of yeasts and neem cake had positive impact on plants growth and on the suppression of fungal pathogens. The application of yeast isolate KUAY-62 also increased the nodulation in the roots of mungbean plants. A notable increase was observed in the phosphorus uptake and antioxidant activity in the plants treated with endophytic yeasts. Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) in the plants have an imperative role in fighting with pathogens. In the current study, the application of endophytic yeasts improved the status of phenolic compounds and salicylic acid in the test crops which contributed towards the obliteration of pathogens and promotion of plant growth under field conditions.