E-COMMERCE AND CYBER VULNERABILITIES IN BANGLADESH: A POLICY PAPER

E-commerce is one way among many that people buy and sell things in retail. Some companies sell products online only, but for many, e-commerce is a distribution channel that’s part of a broader strategy that includes physical stores and other revenue streams. Either way, e-commerce allows startups, small businesses, and large companies to sell their products at scale and reach customers worldwide. The growing scenario of E-commerce shapes a new dynamism in Business and offers no time-bound, cost-efficient, and hassle-free buy and sell. Following changing approach, security management in e-commerce (cyber security) is now the focus. People in Bangladesh are mostly unaware of the risks of using computing and digital devices and online platforms. This article articulated the risk factors associated with the growing reliance on digital technologies and devices. Then, some policy guidelines are prescribed for the national level and individual level, including leading social campaigns, new chapters in the school curriculum, advancing technological aptitudes of law enforcers, strengthening security systems in e-commerce, embanking sites, bringing frauds to justice, initiating law to define cybercrimes, fortifying institutional management of cyber securities

Synthesis and Characterization of Copper I Complexes With Thiones

A series of Copper(I) complexes with thiones of the general formula [CuaLbScXd](H2O)e and [CuaLbSc]Xd.(H2O)e (where a = 1 - 6, b = 1 - 6, c = 0 - 6, d = 0 - 6, e = 0 - 1 and X = Cl, Br & I) were prepared and characterized by elemental, IR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopic methods. Crystal structures of nine complexes, [Cu(Metu)4]Cl 1, [Cu4(Dmtu)4(S)(μ-S)Cl]Cl.(H2O) 2, [Cu(DeTu)Cl]3 3, [Cu(Metu)4]Br 4, [Cu(Dphtu)2Br]H2O 5, ([Cu(Metu)]I)6 6, [Cu(Mtu)4]I 7, [Cu(Detu)3I] 8 and [Cu(Dbtu)3I]0.6(H2O) 9 were determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction. An upfield shift in the >C=S resonance of thiones in 13 C-NMR and downfield shift in the N-H resonance in 1H-NMR were consistent with the sulfur coordination of thiones to Copper(I). The crystal structures of 1, 4, 7, 8 and 9 show that they are monomeric having tetrahedral or distorted tetrahedral geometries at Copper(I) center. The crystal structure of 2 showed that it consists of a tetrameric cationic complex having terminal as well as doubly bridged Dmtu and S ligands. The complex has two kinds of coordination environments around four Copper atoms, a distorted tetrahedral and a trigonal planer. [Cu(Detu)Cl]3 is a trinuclear complex consisting of Cu3S3 six-membered ring possessing chair conformation. The geometry around each Cu center was nearly trigonal planar. In 5, the Cu(I) atom adopts a slightly distorted trigonal planar coordination. The X-ray studies of 6 showed that the complex was hexanuclear consisting of [Metu-Cu-I] units. The geometry around each Cu center was distorted tetrahedral. In all these complexes intra or/and intermolecular hydrogen bonding is present in 2-D or 3-D network. The antimicrobial activities of Copper(I) bromide complexes were evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and they showed wide range of activity against the test isolates.