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Home > Determinants of halal meat import demand in OIC countries: static & dynamic augmented trade gravity model

Determinants of halal meat import demand in OIC countries: static & dynamic augmented trade gravity model

Thesis Info

Author

Majeed, Imran

Program

MS

Institute

Institute of Business Administration

Institute Type

Private

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Page

52

Subject

Islam

Language

English

Other

CallNo: 297.576

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676720930133

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This study tries to explore the factors that are responsible to derive the import demand of Halal meat in OIC countries by employing a regional trade introversion index and three forms (simple, augmented, and dynamic) of the trade gravity model. This analysis uses data of Halal meat (chapter 02 of HS codes, excluding pig and other Haram meat) from 2002 to 2014. The estimation technique adopted in this study is PCSE (Panel Corrected Standard Errors). The computed values of regional trade introversion index show that OIC countries are continuously losing intra-OIC trade of Halal meat. And with the passage of time OIC members tend to import more and more of Halal meat from nonOIC members. Our dynamic gravity model fits best to explain the variation in Halal meat import demand by OIC bloc. Our results reveal that; per capita income and population size of the importing country, and livestock production level in exporting country are the primary drivers of the Halal meat import demand and their positive coefficients are highly statistically significant at 1%; while, price of the Halal meat in exporting country and official exchange rate of importing country negatively impact the import flow of Halal meat to OIC members. Moreover, the results categorize Halal meat as a normal good (not a luxury) for OIC members with price elasticity (Ed = 0.15) and income elasticity (Ey = 0.16). Furthermore, OIC members import relatively more quantities of Halal meat from distant countries than from adjacent countries, suggesting negative coefficient for "distance" variable, which is against the theory of the traditional trade gravity model. "OIC" and "GATT" membership is not contributing to enhance Halal meat import of OIC bloc, and OIC members are yet away from the goal of increased intra-OIC trade. Holding other factors constant; common language, border adjacency, and similarity in school of thoughts are also the factors that enhance import of Halal meat. Developing a common Halal meat market and one Halal certification body under OIC, can enhance intra-OIC Halal meat trade. Moreover, reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers among OIC members, improving livestock production level, creating buyers' and suppliers' trade and trust relations, and promoting long-term trade agreements among OIC members can help OIC members to lead or at least govern global Halal meat markets, and to increase intraOIC trade intensity in Halal meat and all other commodities
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زبان اور بولی میں فرق

موضوع 5:زبان اور بولی میں فرق
زبان:
زبان خیالات و احساسات کا ذریعہ اظہار ہے۔جذبات و احساسات کی شکل زبان ہے اس کا کام لفظوں اور فقروں کے توسط سے ان کے ذہنی مفہوم و دلائل اور ان کے عام خیالات کی ترجمانی کرنا ہے۔زبان بولیوں کے مجموعے کا نام ہے۔
بولی :
بولی کسی زبان کی وہ ذیلی شاخ ہے جس کے بولنے والوں کو زبان کے کسی اختلاف کا احساس نہیں ہوتا البتہ کسی زبان کی ایک بولی بولنے والوں کو اسی زبان کی دوسری بولی کے تلفظ کے فرق کا احساس ہوتا ہے۔ہر زبان کا ہر بولی کا مخصوص انداز ہوتا ہے زبان چشمے کی حیثیت رکھتی ہے اور بولی اس سے پھوٹنے والی نہریں۔بولی ایک ایسی زبان ہے جو کسی علاقے میں رائج ہوتی ہے اس کی کوئی ادبی حیثیت نہیں ہوتی۔ زبان جس قدر وسیع ہو گی اس کی بولیاں بھی اسی قدر وسیع ہو گی۔ بولی عام فہم زبان ہے جو ہم مقامی لوگوں سے سیکھتے ہیں ایک بولی بولنے والے عام طور پر ایک زبان استعمال کرتے ہیں ہر علاقے کی بولی کا مخصوص انداز ہوتا ہے۔
تلفظ کا اختلاف:
بولی قواعد و ضوابط سے آزاد ہوتی ہے بولیوں میں لفظ کی ادائیگی میں اختلاف پایا جاتا ہے مختلف علاقوں میں مختلف بولیاں بولی جاتی ہیں۔بعض بولیاں ترقی کرکے زبان کا منصب حاصل کر لیتی ہے اور بعض جگہوں پر صرف بولی بن کر رہ جاتی ہے۔ ہمارے ملک میں قبائلی علاقے ہیں جو غیر متمدن ہیں وہاں نقل مکانی کے مواقع کم ہوتے ہیں ان کے تلفظ میں اختلاف پایا جاتا ہے۔
زبان کا نظام:
ہر زبان اپنا نظام رکھتی ہے۔ یہ مختلف عناصر پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے۔ اس کے قواعد و ضوابط ہوتے ہیں مثلا صرف و نحو اس میں وقت کے ساتھ ساتھ تبدیلیاں آتی رہتی ہیں۔...

اسلامی نظام اقتصاد کی اخلاقیات تجارت ومعیشت میں دینی و اخلاقی اقدار کی اہمیت کے حوالے سے علمی و تحقیقی جائزہ

Islam is a holistic and comprehensive system of life because the Creator of universe has given the instructions that are eternal and are perfect guide for humanity in all ages and circumstances. Islamic teachings are consistent with the comprehensive nature. Those instructions that human being has given for all walks of life in that the elements of morality is distinct and dominant and prohibited every act that is harmful to others. This fact is quite clear that the moral aspect of Islam is so important to consider the ethics of Islam has taken into consideration and there is no command to be out of the realm of ethics and particularly matters of life which is part of religion and are important aspect of society. Islamic teachings are so clear that there is no example of it in any economic system the world. Today we have different economic systems in the world which essentially teach us that the purpose of human life is to make money and collect goods even if affects the lives of others. But in Islamic economic world it is emphasized that this world is not the original house and satisfactory zone of human being and his purpose is not to collect wealth but the worship of Almighty. Human being is gifted fair system of order in every aspect of which there is clearly ethics thus human is strictly prohibited to collect money through unfair means and in cruel manners. In this article we will discuss the ethical consideration of Islamic economical system. So it is quite clear that the guarantor of peace, love and harmony in the world is Islamic system.

Systematic Study of Scarabaeidae

The present studies were carried out to investigate the dung beetles‟ fauna in the selected parts of northern Pakistan including Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (KPK) and Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). The area is diverse and virgin for its flora and fauna pertaining to different habitats, especially the dung beetles in subfamily scarabaeinae. The study was conducted in the three selected ecological zones including alpine zone, montane temperate forest and tropical deciduous forest. These zones were further divided into sub-zones for comprehensive collection of dung beetles fauna. The systematic study revealed the presence of ten genera and twenty-four species from the study area including Digitonthophagus gazelle, D. bonasus, Heliocopris midas, H. bucephalus, Onthophagus (Phanaeomorphus) gagates, O. (Altonthophagus) kukunoren-sis, O. (Palaeonthophagus) marginalis, O. (Palaeonthophagus) nuchicornis, O. (s. str.) proletarius, O. (Coloboonthophagus) tragus, Onitis falcatus, O. lama, O. philemon, O. subopacus, O. virens, Catharsius molossus, C. pithecius, Metacatharsius inermis, Copris repertus , C. sacontala, C. punctatus, Scarabaeus sacer, Cheironitis arrowi and Gymnopleurus flagellates. Out of these, eights species were newly recorded for Pakistan including Onthophagus gagates, Onthophagus kukunorensis, O. (s. str.) proletarius, He-liocopris bucephalus, Copris punctatus, C. repertus, C. sacontala and Onitis lama. The diagnosis of each genus, identification keys to genera and species, colored photographs and geographical distribution maps for each species along with scale length size were provided.