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The Disposition effect in Pakistani investors

Thesis Info

Author

Rauf, Sadaf

Program

MS

Institute

Institute of Business Administration

Institute Type

Private

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Page

56

Subject

Economics

Language

English

Other

CallNo: 332.6

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676720932708

Similar


Behavioral finance is an emerging field and limited work has been done in this field in the developing countries. This field of study comes into play when the traditional rational theories fail to explain the abnormalities in the market behavior. It incorporates human psychology and sociology to explain market anomalies. In this study, one specific market behavior, disposition effect, is analyzed, which is driven by human psychology. The disposition effect is the tendency of investors to sell winning stocks too early and holding losing stocks for toe long. As per the traditional market theory, a rational investor would sell off stock with falling prices to minimize portfolio losses. However, if intuitive thinking overpowers a rational decision-maker, the investor would want to keep holding on a losing stock in anticipation of the rising in price, thus aggregating portfolio losses. In addition to this, the relationship between the holding period and the illiquidity of the stock is analyzed. It is believed that stocks with greater illiquidity require higher transaction costs to be traded as the bid-ask spread is higher; therefore stocks with greater illiquidity should have longer holding periods. To empirically test these theories, data of the Pakistan Stock Exchange is taken from the fiscal year 2012 to 2017 for all non-financial firms. The variables included are holding period, annual return, illiquidity, market capitalization and volatility of each stock. The data type demands a static panel data analysis, where the unit of the cross-section is each firm and each year is the unit of time-series. The intercept model of the panel data analysis is used to analyze the data using both random effect and fixed-effect model. Pooled OLS regression is also done to get the best results out of all three models. According to literature, there is the problem of simultaneity between the holding period and illiquidity, which causes biased estimates of parameters due to endogeneity. To overcome the issue, a lagged illiquidity instrument is used in place of the endogenous variable. Thus, our estimation method is converted to two-stage least square estimation. The results validate the literature, by showing a positive relationship between the holding period and illiquidity. Furthermore, in the second series of regression, results show that Pakistani investors are rational decision-makers. However, after the sample is dissected, it is shown that investors, who invest in firms with greater trading activity and larger firm size, tend to exhibit disposition effect
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دور اُن سے دہر کی ساری بلائیں ہو گئیں


دُور اُن سے دہر کی ساری بلائیں ہو گئیں
جن کی قسمت میں مدینے کی فضائیں ہو گئیں

ہم کو پہلے مل گئے رب کی عطا سے مصطفی ؐ
مصطفی ؐ کی ہم پہ پھر ساری عطائیں ہو گئیں

آمدِ محبوبِؐ ربِّ العالمیں کے فیض سے
فیض یابِ نعمتِ رب ساری مائیں ہو گئیں

عرش پر بھی بہرِ امت در گزر کی اِلتجا
فرش پر بھی ’’ربِّ ھب لی‘‘ کی دُعائیں ہو گئیں

سبطِ پیغمبر پہ جاں کچھ اس طرح قربان کی
حضرتِ عباسؓ پر قرباں وفائیں ہو گئیں

فاتحِ مکہ کا وہ اظہارِ امن و آشتی
محوِ حیرت امن کی سب فاختائیں ہو گئیں

آپؐ کا سجدئہ محشر کام آیا اُس گھڑی
پیشِ داور عاصیوں کی جب خطائیں ہو گیئں

گنگ لہجوں کی صدا آقاؐ عطا ہوں مدحتیں
مسکرا کے آپؐ نے فرمایا! ’’جائیں ہو گئیں‘‘

مَزرعِ ہستی پہ بارِش ہو گئی انوار کی
ظلمتیں مٹتی گئیں عرفاںؔ! ضیائیں ہو گئیں

جوانب مختلفة من اھمية الرجاء في حياة المسلم

Everyone knows that ‘hope’ or ‘expectation’ has a pivotal role in the life of a human being. It is a virtue that may produce boost in an individual’s life. All revealed religions urge to their followers to please the Almighty God, and in return they should keep hope from Allah Almighty that He would compensate and reward then in the life thereafter. It is also a matter of fact that there are various aspects of importance of hope in the life of a Muslim. These aspects are discussed in this article in detail. In today’s word, when there are hopeless attitude is found everywhere, this article would present a very positive impact on the society. The article under discussion aims at different aspects of Al- Raja’a (Hope) in the life of a Muslim and its importance for having blessings of ALLAH Almighty. Main ingredients are as follow: · Wideness of blessings of ALLAH Almighty and forgiveness by Him if a person believes in Him and has full commitment on Him. · Self-accountability of a person and his regrets upon his wrong doings and to endeavor adoption of a Right Path. · This belief of Hope pleases one’s self and it brings happiness apparently and inside of this person. · Islam does completely prohibit false beliefs and halfhearted weak faith. In the same way Islam also condemns despondency.

Studies on Secondary Metabolites from Syzygium Aromaticum Linn. and Chemical Modification of Some Bioactive Indole Alkaloids

The work compiled in the present dissertation consists of two parts, ‘‘Studies on secondary metabolites from Syzygium aromaticum Linn.’’ has been describe in part A, while part B describes the ‘‘Chemical modification of some bioactive indole alkaloids.’’ A review of the biosynthesis of triterpenoids (α-amyrin and β-amyrin) and phenyl propanoid (eugenol) is also included.