Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > The Disposition effect in Pakistani investors

The Disposition effect in Pakistani investors

Thesis Info

Author

Rauf, Sadaf

Program

MS

Institute

Institute of Business Administration

Institute Type

Private

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Page

56

Subject

Economics

Language

English

Other

CallNo: 332.6

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676720932708

Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.

Similar


Behavioral finance is an emerging field and limited work has been done in this field in the developing countries. This field of study comes into play when the traditional rational theories fail to explain the abnormalities in the market behavior. It incorporates human psychology and sociology to explain market anomalies. In this study, one specific market behavior, disposition effect, is analyzed, which is driven by human psychology. The disposition effect is the tendency of investors to sell winning stocks too early and holding losing stocks for toe long. As per the traditional market theory, a rational investor would sell off stock with falling prices to minimize portfolio losses. However, if intuitive thinking overpowers a rational decision-maker, the investor would want to keep holding on a losing stock in anticipation of the rising in price, thus aggregating portfolio losses. In addition to this, the relationship between the holding period and the illiquidity of the stock is analyzed. It is believed that stocks with greater illiquidity require higher transaction costs to be traded as the bid-ask spread is higher; therefore stocks with greater illiquidity should have longer holding periods. To empirically test these theories, data of the Pakistan Stock Exchange is taken from the fiscal year 2012 to 2017 for all non-financial firms. The variables included are holding period, annual return, illiquidity, market capitalization and volatility of each stock. The data type demands a static panel data analysis, where the unit of the cross-section is each firm and each year is the unit of time-series. The intercept model of the panel data analysis is used to analyze the data using both random effect and fixed-effect model. Pooled OLS regression is also done to get the best results out of all three models. According to literature, there is the problem of simultaneity between the holding period and illiquidity, which causes biased estimates of parameters due to endogeneity. To overcome the issue, a lagged illiquidity instrument is used in place of the endogenous variable. Thus, our estimation method is converted to two-stage least square estimation. The results validate the literature, by showing a positive relationship between the holding period and illiquidity. Furthermore, in the second series of regression, results show that Pakistani investors are rational decision-makers. However, after the sample is dissected, it is shown that investors, who invest in firms with greater trading activity and larger firm size, tend to exhibit disposition effect
Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

المبحث السادس: الغزل وبروين شاکر

المبحث السادس: الغزل وبروين شاکر

 بروین شاکر التي لھا المکانۃ والمنزلۃ المرموقۃ في ساحۃ الأدب والشعر فھي حاولت بقدر ما تستطیع أن تکون لنفسھا مکاناً في میدان الغزل والمنظومات۔۔ وخاصۃ بوجود فھمیدۃ ریاض التي تم التعرف علیھا والشاعرۃ کشور ناھید، فکان وجودھا فخراً وعزۃ للمجتمع الباکستاني وکان یحتاج الکثیر من الجھد من شاعرتنا بروین شاکر حتی تکون لنفسھا مکانۃ وتعطي لمکانتھا الحق اللائق بما یُناسب شخصیتھا وشرفھا۔

کشور ناهيد

 ولدت ھذہ الشاعرۃ المعروفۃ في الھند في 3 فبرایر في عام 1940م فھي تتحدث في أشعارھا عن المرأۃ وما تلاقي من مظالم۔ فکانت تتناول المرأۃ الباکستانیۃ خاصۃ والمرأۃ الأخریٰ عامۃً، ولھا الأعمال الشعریۃ الرائعۃ في الغزل والمنظومات، ولھا الدواوین والمجموعات الشعریۃ الممتازۃ۔ والشاعرۃ پروین شاکر علی نمط شعرائنا المعروفین وخاصۃ الشعر الرومانسي والعاطفي، ومن أھم شعراء الغزل الرومانسي أختر شیراني، فیض، فراز، ساحر لدھیانوي وپروین شاکر۔

دعونا نتعرف علی هؤلاء الشخصيات

أختر شيراني

 شاعر الأردو، محمد داود خان ولد في عائلۃ(راجبوت) عاش في لاھور، وکان والدہ البروفیسور محمود شیرانی أستاذ اللغۃ الفارسیۃ في أحد ثانویات لاھور وُلد أختر شیراني في 1905م وتوفي فی عام 1948م۔

أحمد فراز

ولد في 4 ینایر 9131م وتوفي في 25 أغسطس في 2008 وقد حصل علی المجستیر في اللغۃ الأردیہ والفارسیۃ، وحصل علی الجائزۃ في (آدم جي ادبي ایوارڈ) عام 1988م، وعلی جائزۃ أخری عام 1990م وقد اشتمل النصاب التعلیمي علی بعض أعمالہ الأدبیۃ في جامعۃ (علی گڑھ) وجامعۃ (بشاور)۔

فيض أحمد فيض

 وھذہ الشخصیۃ المعروفۃ لھا المکانۃ في الساحۃ الأدبیۃ والشعر بعد الإقبال [1]في الشعر الأردو، وقد ولد قبل قيام الباکستان عام 1911م في مدینۃ (سیالکوت) في بیت عزِ وشرفٍ، وحصل...

Role of Islam in Practical Life amongst Some Young Swiss Muslim Adults: A Focused Ethnographic Analysis

Contemporary secular Switzerland has been polarised by more than two decades of anti-Muslim sentiments, conveyed through misrepresentative narratives by some politicians and media, ‘otherising’ Islam and Muslim-related issues. This polarised environment may have triggered ambivalent impacts on the personal development of Swiss-born Muslims Consequently, I suggest that they live in an ambivalent position, where their status as Muslim is not fully acknowledged and their belonging to Switzerland still questioned. Indeed, this article will explore the following research question: How do some young Swiss-born Muslim adults construct their subjectivities and experiences linked to Islam in their daily lives in contemporary Switzerland? The research methodology of this focused ethnography draws on various semi-structured interviews and informal conversations with several young Swiss Muslim men and women. The paper focuses on (a) Switzerland’s socio-cultural and political context and (b) the various ways this study’s research partners construct their ambivalent subjectivities through the analysis of their individual trajectories and narratives. It concludes that young Swiss Muslim adults formulate and produce alternative narratives, in order to make sense of their lives and accommodate various layers of identification in contemporary Switzerland. Eventually some recommendations for further research are formulated.  

Fixed Point Theory in Modular Function Spaces

Fixed point theory has been a flourishing area of mathematical research for decades, because of its many diverse applications. It is a combination of geometry, topology and analysis. This theory has been discovered as a very influential and essential mechanism in learning of nonlinear phenomena. It has a lot of applications in almost all branches of mathematical sciences, for example, proving the existence of solutions of ODE’S, PDE’S, integral equations, system of linear equations, closed orbit of dynamical systems and of equilibria in economics. In particular fixed point techniques have been applied in such different fields as economics, engineering biology, physics and chemistry. It has very fruitful applications in control theory, game theory, category theory, mathematical economics, mathematical physics, functional equations, integral equations, mathematical chemistry, mathematical biology, W* algebra, functional analysis and many other areas. The concept of fixed point plays a key role in analysis. Also, fixed point theorems are mainly used in existence theory of random differential equations, numerical methods like Newton-Rapshon method and Picard’s existence theorem and in other related areas. Fixed point theorems based on the consideration of order have importance in algebra, the theory of automata, mathematical linguistics, linear functional analysis, approximation theory and theory of critical points. Fixed point theorems play a key role in applications of variational inequalities, linear inequalities, optimization techniques and approximation theory. Thus the theory of fixed point has been studied by many researchers extensively. From the perspective of different settings, methods and applications, the fixed point theory is typically separated into three main branches: (i) Metric fixed point theory. (ii) Topological fixed point theory. (iii) Discrete fixed point theory. In history the boundary lines between the aforesaid three branches was defined by the creation of the following three main theorems: (i) Banach’s Fixed Point Theorem (1922). (ii) Brouwer’s Fixed Point Theorem (1912). (iii) Tarski’s Fixed Point Theorem (1955). Fixed point theory in modular function spaces is closely related to the metric theory, in that it provides modular equivalents of norm and metric concepts. Modular spaces are extensions of the classical Lebesgue and Orlicz spaces, and in many instances conditions cast in this framework are more natural and more easily verified than their metric analogs.