عطا اﷲ عطاؔ قاضی (۱۹۳۴ء پ) محلہ ٹلہ پسرور میں پیدا ہوئے میٹرک کے بعد منشی فاضل کا امتحان پاس کیا۔ آرٹس میں ڈپلومہ سنٹرل ٹریننگ کالج لاہور سے کیا۔ شہر فہمی اور شعر گوئی کے علاوہ قاضی عطا نثر نگاری ، مصوری ،فوٹو گرافی اور خوش نویسی کے فن میں بھی ماہر ہیں۔(۱۲۰۹)
آپ کے مزاج میں ادبی چاشنی رچی بسی ہے۔آپ کے شعری مجموعے ’’فراز سخن‘‘، (سورہ بقرہ کا منظوم ترجمہ) ،’’اعزازِ سخن‘‘،( توحیدی آیات کا منظوم ترجمہ)’’اعتزاز سخن‘‘،( سورہ نسا ،مائدہ کااورسورہ توبہ کا منظوم ترجمہ)’’رازِ سخن‘‘ ، (پارہ عم کا منظوم ترجمہ)’’امتیاز سخن‘‘( سورہ مائدہ کا منظوم ترجمہ) ناز سخن (حمد ونعت ،قرآنی دعائیں ،منظوم ترجمہ)اور ’’اشکوں کی لو ‘‘(غزلیہ مجموعہ ) ادبی سبھا پسرور سے شائع ہو چکے ہیں۔ ان شعری مجموعوں کے علاوہ قاضی عطا کا سب سے بڑا کارنامہ ’’مفہوم القرآن ‘‘کے نام سے قرآن مجید کا مکمل منظوم ترجمہ ہے۔
یہ ترجمہ تین ہزار صفحات کی ضخامت اور تین جلدوں پر مشتمل ہے۔ اب تک ’’مفہوم القرآن ‘ ‘ کے دو ایڈیشن شائع ہو چکے ہیں۔ قاضی عطاؔ کا قلم کسی ایک موضوع الہیات کے موضوع ہی کا محتاج نہیں رہا ۔ اس کا خامہ زرفشاں زندگی کے ہر پہلو پر رواں رہا ہے۔ الہیات کے موضوع کو ملاحظہ کریں کس خوبصورت انداز سے اس کا اظہار کرتے ہیں:
لاکھ پردوں میں بھی ہے بے پردہ
1کل ہے اجزا میں آشکارا ہے
â۱۲۱۰)
ہر آئینہ جزو میں جلوہ نما ہے کل
پنہاں ہے گو نظر سے مگر وہ کہاں نہیں
Developmental projects are essential ingredients of prosperity and well-being. Every nation has to ensure that her people are living in a perfect and safe sociopolitical environment. However, it varies from region to region and place to place. UK as a country is a big economy which is capable of giving its people the type of security they need. For this purpose, various types of strategies have been emphasized which enable the government to look for the benefit of its people. Open data system is one of these important developments which have been initiated by the UK government to provide huge access to databases. It improves their learning and knowledge, and gives the opportunity to think ‘out of box’. It also enables people to polish their learning skills and take things out of their resources and utilize them fully. Although, there is some compulsion on the use of private data sources, yet it is necessary to know that not all data are confidential. The research looks into the pros and cons of using open data systems and to assess its impacts on the social and political development in UK. The use of open data system is not only beneficial for the people to perform their daily life tasks, it is important to evade corruption and foster great accountability of national institutions. So, there remains feeble chance of witnessing corruption in the society that could cause chaos in the nation. The use of open data systems is important for boosting up innovation and creativity for a developing country like Pakistan. Open data system has been seen playing a big part in establishing a trend of innovative growth pushed by the availability of these resources. The influence and impact of ‘Open Data’ has largely been observed during the recent Coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) where the government has utilized the data to tackle the disease in Pakistan.
Significant performance gains are achievable in wireless communication systems using a Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) communications system employing multiple antennas. This architecture is suitable for higher data rate multimedia communications. One of the challenges in building a MIMO system is the tremendous processing power required at the receiver side. MIMO Symbol detection involves detecting symbol from a complex signal at the receiver. The existing MIMO detection techniques can be broadly divided into linear, non-linear and exact detection methods. Linear methods like Zero-Forcing offer low complexity with degraded Bit Error Rate (BER) performance as compared to non-linear methods like VBLAST. Non-linear detectors are computationaly not very expansive with acceptable performance. Exact solutions like Sphere Decoder provide optimal performance however it suffers from exponentional complexity under certain conditions. The focus in the early part of this thesis is on non-linear approximate MIMO detectors and an effort has been made to develop a low complexity near-optimal MIMO detector. Computational Swarm Intelligence based Meta-heuristics are applied for Symbol detection in a MIMO system. This approach is particularly attractive as Swarm Intelligence (SI) is well suited for physically realizable, real-time applications, where low complexity and fast convergence is of absolute importance. Application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithms is studied. While an optimal Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection using an exhaustive search method is prohibitively complex, we show that the Swarm Intelligence optimized MIMO detection algorithms gives near-optimal Bit Error Rate (BER) performance in fewer iterations, thereby reducing the ML computational complexity significantly. In this thesis novel non-conventional MIMO detection approaches based on Swarm-Intelligence techniques have been presented. An effective and practical way to enhance the capacity of MIMO wireless channels is to employ space-time (ST) coding. Space-time block coding (STBC) is a transmit diversity technique in which the data stream to be transmitted is encoded in blocks, which are distributed among multiple antennas and across time. Alamouti’s simple STBC scheme for viwireless communication systems uses two transmit antennas and linear maximum-likelihood (ML) decoder. This system was generalized by Tarokh to an arbitrary number of transmit antennas by applying the theory of orthogonal designs. In the later part of this thesis a simple multi-step constellation reduction technique based decoding algorithm that further simplifies the linear ML detection in Orthogonal Space-Time Block Coded systems is proposed. This approach reduces the computational complexity of these schemes while presenting the ML performance. In addition, Spatial Multiplexing systems using Orthogonal Walsh codes are also studied. This approach has a potential to reduce the search space to allow efficient symbols detection in Spatial Multiplexing systems.