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A juxtaposition of tax expenditures and direct expenditures: case study of the manufacturing sector of Pakistan

Thesis Info

Author

Lakdawala, Shagufta Hussain

Program

MS

Institute

Institute of Business Administration

Institute Type

Private

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Page

118

Subject

Economics

Language

English

Other

CallNo: 336.206

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676720933559

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Augmentation of investment is a primary goal for any government. To attain that objective it can resort to either tax or direct expenditures. In order to analyze which is a more efficient method in the case of Pakistan, the current study uses data from the country's manufacturing Sector. The time series data set since 1972 to 2013 is used. Bounds testing approach to cointegration used in the structure of Autoregressive Distributed Lag is employed for understanding the behavior of the different variable, applying Neo-Classical Investment theory. The results show the importance of text expenditure policy, in the short run, through the cost of capital, as a determinant to boost private investment in the economy, under circumstances of low inflation. On the other hand, in high inflation periods, the direct expenditure is found to be more potent. The empirical evidence shows a strong role of direct expenditure in influencing both the short-run and the long-run behavior of investment in the economy
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سر شیخ عبدالقادر

سر شیخ عبدالقادر
افسوس ہے کہ ہماری پرانی علمی و ادبی بزم کی ایک اور شمع گل ہوگئی اور گزشتہ ۹؍ فروری کو سر شیخ عبدالقادر مرحوم نے چھیتر سال کی عمر میں انتقال کیا، مرحوم کی ذات گوناگوں اوصاف کی جامع تھی، وہ اردو زبان کے مشہور ادیب اور اس کے پرانے محسن اور خدمت گزار تھے، ان کا مشہور رسالہ مخزن اپنے زمانہ کا اردو کا سب سے زیادہ ممتاز اور مقبول رسالہ تھا، اردو میں سنجیدہ نگاری اور اچھے اصحاب قلم پیدا کرنے میں اس کا بڑا حصہ تھا، مرحوم کا ادبی ذوق ہر زمانہ میں قائم رہا اور وہ کسی نہ کسی حیثیت سے برابر اردو کی خدمت کرتے رہے، مخزن کے جدید دور میں بھی وہ اس کے سر پرست تھے، پاکستان کے قیام سے پہلے تک وہ دارالمصنفین کے رکن تھے، ان علمی و ادبی کمالات کے ساتھ ان کو بڑے سے بڑے دنیاوی اعزاز بھی حاصل ہوئے اور وہ مختلف اوقات میں ہائی کورٹ کی ججی، وزارت تعلیم مرکزی پبلک سروس کمیشن کی رکنیت انڈیا کونسل کی ممبری وغیرہ جیسے مناسب جلیلہ پر فائز رہے، لیکن ان کی وضعداری میں کبھی فرق نہیں آیا، وہ نئی تعلیم کے ساتھ پرانی تہذیب و شرافت کا نمونہ اور ہر طبقہ و ہر فرقہ میں مقبول اور سب کے ساتھ ان کے یکساں تعلقات تھے، اب ایسی شخصیتیں مشکل ہی سے پیدا ہونگی، ایسی یادگاریں خواہ ہندوستان کی ہوں یا پاکستان کی کم از کم ایک دو نسلوں تک دونوں کی مشترک مِلک ہیں اور ان کی موت دونوں کا نقصان ہے، اﷲ تعالیٰ مرحوم کو اپنی رحمت و مغفرت سے سرفراز فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، مارچ ۱۹۵۰ء)

سر شیخ عبدالقادر
ہندوستان و پاکستان کی تقسیم نے اب ایسا کردیا ہے کہ ایک جگہ کا حال دوسری جگہ مشکل سے معلوم ہوتا...

Mothers-in-law as Key Influencers: Study on a Radio Drama Intervention to improve Maternal and Child Health in Pakistan

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Bio-Psychosocial Correlates of Healthy Experience of Aging Among Pakistani Older Adults

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